Evaluation of Biochemical Parameters in Coronary Artery Patients with Covid-19 Infection

Yaroğlu, Hatice Yıldırım | Yeşil, Emrah

As a result of pneumonia brought on by coronavirus disease (COVID-19), acute myocardial infarction, and chronic cardiovascular system damage, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects host cells via ACE2 receptors. In patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who are positive for COVID-19, early measurement of cardiac damage through biomarkers and careful monitoring of myocardial damage that may be caused by infection should be performed. The goal of this study was to retrospectively assess the results of biochemical laboratory testing in patients with CAD and COVID-19. Biochemical laboratory results of 70 patients with CAD and COVID-19 and 70 patients only with CAD were examined retrospectively. A signifcant difference was detected between groups in terms of LDH, CRP, and Troponin I parameters. These biomarkers are important to prevent and rapidly treat COVID-related myocardial damage in patients with CAD.

The effects of interleukin (IL)1, 6, 10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene polymorphisms on CRP levels in coronary artery disease

Ünal, Zeynep Nil | Yaroğlu, Hatice Yıldırım | Yılmaz, Dilek Çiçek | Tamer, Lülüfer

Atherosclerosis is a dynamic and progressing inflammatory pathology. Studies have demonstrated that genetic variants that directly or indirectly alter the inflammatory system raise the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Genetic variations account for the variances in how the disease develops and progresses as well as the disclosure of poor prognostic information linked to extreme inflammatory reactions in individuals. In our investigation, we aimed to determine whether there may be a connection between CAD and the IL-1 C-889T, IL-6 G-174C, IL-10 G-1082A, and TNF G-308A polymorphisms. In the study, 80 patients with coronary artery stenosis of 70% or more and 80 people with normal coronary arteries were both evaluated using coronary angiography. An enzymatic colorimetric approach was used to quantify fasting blood glucose (FBG), the serum lipid profile, and an immunoturbidimetric method was used to measure CRP levels. Real-time PCR was used to identify IL-1 C-889T, IL-6 G-174C, IL-10 G1082A, and TNF G-308A polymorphisms. CRP (mg/L) levels varied in the CAD group for IL-1 C-889T and IL-10 G-1082A (p = 0.031 and 0.018, respectively). For IL-1, wild (CC) type CRP levels were 18.93 16.38, mutant (TT) genotype CRP levels were 53.12 21.03, and wild (GG) type CRP levels were 23.09 16....

The role of CYP2C9 gene polymorphism in rheumatoid arthritis

Yaroğlu, Hatice Yıldırım | Biçer, Ali

Background/Aim: The inflammatory disorder rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects quality of life and worsens with symptoms in the extra-articular tissues and systemic joints. The most significant member of the Cytochrome P450 enzyme family, Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9), plays an essential role in the alkylation, demethylation, and hydroxylation of a variety of substances. Insufficient studies as to whether the susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis is genetic exists. Therefore, our study presents new information on whether CYPC9 is a genetic risk factor. In this study, we sought to determine whether rheumatoid arthritis and the CYP2C9 gene polymorphism are related. Methods: This study was conducted as a prospective case-control study. Fifty patients with RA and 50 healthy individuals were included in our study group. Blood from the controls and patients was drawn into ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-containing tubes, and using a DNA isolation kit, DNA was isolated from leukocytes. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to assess the genotypes of CYPC9*2 and CYP2C9*3 with the LightCycler-CYP2C9 mutation detection kit. Results: The heterozygous CYP2C9*2 genotype was found to carry a 2.85-fold risk when compared with the controls (odds ratio [OR]=2.85, 95% confidenc...

The investigation of lipoprotein-related phospholipase A2 (LP-PLA2) V279F mutation in coronary artery disease

Yaroğlu, Hatice Yıldırım | Yılmaz, Dilek Çiçek | Tamer, Lülüfer

Objective: Despite advances in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, coronary artery disease (CAD) maintains to be the leading cause of death in many nations. The media layer of normal and diseased arteries contains lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), which is mostly made by mast, T lymphocytes, and monocytes. Our research sought to define how the Lp-PLA2 and V279F gene polymorphisms relate to CAD. Materials and Methods: This study included 71 controls and 109 patients. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid profiles, were measured the enzymatic colorimetric technique. Lp-PLA2 levels were detected with ELISA. The genomic DNAs were isolated from whole blood. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with the V279F mutation detection kit was used to identify the Lp-PLA2 V279F mutation. Results: In the CAD compared to the controls, serum Lp-PLA2 levels were higher (p 0.001). While FF (mutant) genotypes and VF (heterozygous) genotypes were absent from both groups, the Lp-PLA2 V279F mutation was discovered as the VV (wild) genotype in both control and CAD. Conclusion: As a result, we determined that the Lp-PLA2 V279F mutation cannot be considered a genetic risk factor for CAD, but that Lp-PLA2 elevation may be an important parameter for CAD.

The relationship between ghrelin and ghrelin leu72met polymorphism in coronary artery disease

Purpose: Ghrelin represents a hormone, which is defined as an endogenous ligand bound to the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHS-R1a). However, the mechanisms that underlie ghrelin’s impacts on cardiovascular diseases have not been completely detected. For this reason, we aimed to research the relationship between serum ghrelin and ghrelin gene polymorphism in coronary artery disease (CAD). Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 88 patients diagnosed with a minimum of one coronary artery stenosis over 70%, and the control group comprised 81 individuals without coronary artery lesions. An autoanalyzer was used to analyze fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid parameter levels. Ghrelin levels were examined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Results: Ghrelin levels were found to be 2.2 ng/ml in the control group and 2.1 ng/ml in the CAD group. No statistical relation in ghrelin Leu72Met genotypes were detected between the control and patient groups. Conclusion: Serum ghrelin levels were higher in the control group than in the CAD group. Whether ghrelin levels and Leu72Met polymorphism have protective effects in CAD must be revealed in an extensive study group with other polymorphisms and ghrelin expression in the ghrelin gene. Amaç: Ghrelin...

Investıgatıon of the possıble role of Poly (Adp-Rıbose) polymerase pathway in Nıcotıne- Exposed Testıcular Damage

Hazır, Selin | Yaroğlu, Hatice Yıldırım | Bayram, Gül | Aşkın, Ali

Although known adverse effects of nicotine exposure on general health, it is largely consumed as cigarette smoking. Smoking has negative effects on the fertility in males; however, the molecular mechanisms affected by nicotine are largely unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of nicotine on poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) pathway in testicular damage. Twenty-four male C57BL/6J mice were arbitrarily categorized into three subgroups: control, sham (subcutaneous, 0.9% sterile saline), and nicotine (subcutaneous, 3 mg/kg/body weight/day) groups. After 14 days of twice-daily subcutaneous injections, the weights of the body and testes were measured. The levels of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), cotinine (main metabolite of nicotine), and 8- OHdG (oxidative DNA damage indicator) in serum were determined using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Light microscopy was used for assessing sperm count and motility, as well as the histopathological analysis of testes and seminiferous tubule degeneration. Immunohistochemical studies and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used for detecting the expressions of PARP-1 and caspase-3. The results showed that nicotine exposure significantly decr...

MicroRNAs Expression Profiles in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Yaroğlu, Hatice Yıldırım | Balcı, Şenay | Tamer, Lülüfer | Ayan, Erhan | Ünal, Zeynep Nil

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a new endogenous small non-coding RNA family that arranges expression of a few genes related in normal development as well as human diseases such as cancer. miRNAs are developing as potential diagnostic and therapeutic markers with deregulated expression in various cancers including lung cancer. In this study, we aimed to find out miRNA expression profiles and to show the relationship between non-small cell lung cancer and microRNAs levels, if there is. In the present study, the expression profiles of 740 miRNA in plasma from 31 patients and 64 healthy subjects were evaluated using high-throughput real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. All statistical analyses were performed using the Biogazelle's qbase PLUS 2.0 software. Our results showed that expression levels of 7 microRNAs (miR-20b-5p, -30c, -146a, -192-5p, - 206, -484, -574-3p) were significantly upregulated in patients when compared to control group (p< 0.05). Expression levels of five miRNAs (miR-24-3p, - 30a-5p, -106b-5p, -223-3p, -331-5p) were found significantly downregulated in lung cancer patients (p< 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, our result showed that up-regulated and down-regulated miRNAs may be important role of early detection in non-small cell lung cancer.

Glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphism as a susceptibility factor in smoking-related coronary artery disease

Yaroğlu, Hatice Yıldırım | Çamsarı, Ahmet | Yılmaz, Dilek Çiçek | Sucu, Nehir | Aras, Nurcan | Tamer, Lülüfer

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, and cigarette smoking is a major contributing factor to the disease. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme is implicated in the detoxification of carcinogens present in tobacco smoke and consequent polymorphisms in this gene may confer susceptibility to cardiovascular disease if DNA damage is important in CAD. Therefore, we examined this question in a case-control study of subjects having coronary atheroma by angiography and with a past history of myocardial infarction (MI). The study population consists of 247 healthy controls and 148 consecutive patients who had undergone coronary angiography for suspicion of coronary artery disease. DNA was extracted from whole blood, and the GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms were determined using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We found that the null GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes were associated with an increase in the risk of developing coronary heart disease (OR = 1.14; 95% CI: 0.71 – 1.82; OR = 1.38; 95% CI: 0.82 – 2.32), respectively, but this increase was not significant. Patients who smoke having the null genotypes of GSTM1 (OR: 1.63 (1.10 – 2.63)) and GSTT1 (2.66 (1.50 – 4.72)) and both (3.20 (1.37 – 7.45)) were at a higher risk for develo...