Bedii Cicik Bedii Cicik SU ÜRÜNLERİ FAKÜLTESİ SU ÜRÜNLERİ TEMEL BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ BALIKÇILIK TEMEL BİLİMLERİ ANABİLİM DALI
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First Report on the Elemental Composition of the Bigeye Thresher Shark Alopias superciliosus Lowe, 1841 from the Mediterranean Sea

Çiftçi, Nuray | Cicik, Bedii | Ayas, Deniz

Cartilaginous fish species have ecological importance. Besides, the ecotoxicological studies on these species are pretty insufficient. In this study, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Pb, Cd, and Sr levels were determined in muscle, liver, gill, kidney, spleen, stomach, and gonad tissues of Alopias superciliosus (Female, 240 cm TL) caught from Mersin Bay. Tissue metal analysis was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). A statistical difference was found among the tissues in terms of the metals. Fe was determined to be the highest level in all tissues (pGill>Spleen>Gonad>Kidney>Stomach>Muscle. Zn was detected at higher levels in the liver and stomach and As in other tissues after Fe. Al has the highest level after Zn and As and was mainly found in the gills. The tissue Cu and Zn levels were found in the same order from highest to lowest as Liver>Gonad>Kidney>Spleen≥ Stomach>Gill>Muscle. Sr was higher in the stomach, gonad, and kidney than in the other tissues. Cd levels were found in higher than Pb levels in the examined tissues. Liver Cd level was determined as 57.37 µg g-1 dw. Except for the liver, Mn levels were found low than Cr levels in the examined tissues. The distinction between the tissue levels of the investigated elements has chang...

Heavy Metal Levels and Human Health Risk Assessment in Some Fish Species Caught From Kuşadası Bay (Aegean Sea): Heavy Metal Levels and Human Health Risk Assesment in Some Fish

Tecimen, Cansın Lütfi | Çiftçi, Nuray | Cicik, Bedii

Pagellus erythrinus, Mugil cephalus and Mullus barbatus), caught from Kuşadası Bay in 2016- 2017 hunting season were aimed. Metal analysis was performed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometry (ICP-MS) in tissues prepared by the dry weight method. Metal level in tissue varied depending on the species, metal and season, Cu and Zn were highest in S. sphraena and E. encrasicolus in winter, while Pb was determined in M. cephalus in spring. The lowest and highest Cu, Zn and Pb levels in tissues were detected 0.80-5.82, 13.09-41.60 and 0.20- 1.30 μg g-1 ww, respectively. Cd level in all fish samples was found below the permissible level of ICP-MS. Tissue metal levels were determined within acceptable limits according to the Turkish Food Codex FAO/WHO standards. The intake rate limits and human health risk assessment based upon non-carcinogenic and cancer risk effect specified no negative impacts of investigated fish consumption.

Accumulation and Elimination of Cadmium by the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in differing Temperatures and Responses of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers

Karayakar, Fahri | Cicik, Bedii

The aims of this study were to investigate the accumulation (15 days) and elimination (15 and 30 days) of cadmium (Cd) in the liver, gill, kidney and muscle of Oreochromis niloticus following exposures to different concentrations (1 and 2 mg/L) of Cd at different water temperatures (20, 25, 30 o C). Additionally, responses of oxidative stress biomarkers (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GPx and malondialdehyde, MDA) of the liver were determined following Cd exposures. In accumulation period, Cd levels increased significantly in all the tissues at all temperatures and tissue accumulation order was kidney>liver>gill. All tissues, except the muscle, accumulated Cd in relation to exposure concentrations and water temperatures. There was no measurable level of Cd accumulation in the muscle, except in fish exposed to 2 mg Cd/L at 30 o C. Likewise, elimination of Cd from the tissues also increased in depends on periods and water temperatures. The order of Cd elimination from the tissues was gill>liver>kidney. The oxidative stress biomarkers also responded to both Cd exposure and temperature increases. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, GPx and MDA levels in the liver increased in relation to increases in Cd concentrations and water te...

Heavy metal levels in economically important fish species sold by fishermen in Karatas (Adana / TURKEY)

Karayakar, Fahri | Işık, Umut | Cicik, Bedii

In this study, heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Pb and As) levels in the muscle of economically important fish species (Trachurus mediterraneus, Sparus aurata and Pegusa lascaris) living in different water columns in the North-East Mediterranean Sea were measured. Fish were bought from local fishermen between September 2016-August 2017 in Karatas¸ region (Adana, Turkey). Levels of Cd, Cr, Pb and As were highest in the muscle of T. mediterraneus, S. aurata and P. lascaris in the autumn season, while Cu levels were highest in T. mediterraneus and S. aurata in the spring season. The lowest and highest levels of Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Pb and As in the muscle of fish were 0.11–0.37, 0.09–0.57, 0.03–0,28, 0.002–0.03, 0.04–0.11 and 0.09–0.49 (μg/g w.w.), respectively. Metal levels in muscle tissues were within the ranges of acceptable levels according to TFC (Turkish Food Codex), WHO (World Health Organization) and FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) in terms of human consumption point of view. It was determined that the estimated daily (EDI) and weekly (EWI) metal intake levels were below the tolerable levels, and the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Cancer Risk (CR) (except arsenic for CR) values were below acceptable standards in case of consumption of the examined species. Heavy metal leve...

Effects of Clinoptilolite on Copper Accumulation of Oreochromis niloticus

Çiftçi, Nuray | Karayakar, Fahri | Cicik, Bedii

The copper accumulation in liver and gill tissues of Oreochromis niloticus, exposed to 2 ppm Cu and 1g/L clinoptilolite singly and to the same concentrations of their mixture over 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours was studied. ICP-AES spectrophotometer techniques were applied in determining tissue copper levels. Statistical evaluation of the experimental data was carried out by Student Newman Keul’s procedure. No mortality was observed during the experiments. Copper accumulation was lower in metal-clinoptilolite mixture group than metal singly group in gill tissue while no accumulation in both experimental groups in liver tissue (P

BAKIR, ÇİNKO, KURŞUN ve KADMİYUMUN Oreochromis niloticus' da BAZI SERUM BİYOKİMYASAL PARAMETRELER ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ

Çiftçi, Nuray | Karayakar, Fahri | Ay, Özcan | Cicik, Bedii

Araştırmada bakır (Cu), çinko (Zn),kurşun (Pb) ve kadmiyum (Cd)’un 96 saatlik LC50 değerinin %10’unakarşılık gelen sırasıyla 4.0, 6.0, 0.2 ve 1.6 ppm ortam derişimlerinin 7, 15 ve30 gün sürelerle etkisine bırakılan Oreochromis niloticus’un serumglukoz, total protein, albumin, D-Bilirubin, aspartat aminotransferaz (AST),alanin aminotransferaz (ALT) ve total kolesterol düzeylerinde meydana gelendeğişimler belirlenmiştir. Denemesüresince incelenen derişimlerin etkisinde mortalite gözlenmemiştir. İncelenenmetallerin belirlenen süreler sonundaki etkisinde kontrole oranla, totalprotein, albumin ve D-Bilirubin düzeylerinde önemli bir ayırım saptanmazken,serum glukoz, AST, ALT ve total kolesterol düzeylerinde artış gözlenmiştir.Elde edilen bulgular, ağır metal etkisinin serum biyokimyasal parametrelerinde değişikliklere,metabolik olaylarda bozukluklara neden olabileceğini göstermektedir.

Bakır ve Kurşunun Oreochromis niloticus’da Hepatosomatik İndeks, Gonadosomatik İndeks ve Kondüsyon Faktörü Üzerine Etkileri

Çiftçi, Nuray | Ay, Özcan | Karayakar, Fahri | Cicik, Bedii

Araştırmada bakır (Cu) ve kurşun (Pb)’un 96 saatlik LC50 değerinin %10’una karşılık gelen derişimlerinin (sırasıyla 4,0 ve 0,2 ppm) 7, 15 ve 30 gün sürelerde etkisine bırakılan Oreochromis niloticus’un Hepatosomatik İndeks (HSI), Gonadosomatik Indeks (GSI) ve Kondüsyon Faktörü (CF) üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Belirtilen parametrelerin hesaplanmasında standart matematiksel formüller kullanılmış, verilerin istatistiksel analizinde, Student Newman Keul’s testi ile varyans analizi uygulanmıştır. Denemede Cu etkisine bırakılan balıklarda HSI’de kontrole göre artış, GSI ve CF’nde deneme süresi sonunda azalma saptanırken, Pb etkisine bırakılan balıklarda HSI’de kontrole göre azalma (P0,05). Oreochromis niloticus was exposed to 10% of its 96 h LC50 (4.0 ppm Cu and 0.2 ppm Pb) over 7, 15 and 30 days and their effects on hepatosomatic index (HSI), gonadosomatic index (GSI) and condition factor (CF) were determined. Standard mathematical formulas were used to express the parameters and analaysis of variation and Student Keul’s test were applied to analyse data.. An increase in HSI and decreases in GSI and CF were observed in fish exposed to copper compared to the control. However, a decrease in HIS was observed when fish were exposed to Pb (P>0.05) compared to t...

EFFECTS OF COPPER AND LEAD ON SOME HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF Oreochromis niloticus

Çiftçi, Nuray | Karayakar, Fahri | Ay, Özcan | Cicik, Bedii

Effects of sub-lethal concentrations of copper and lead on hematocrit and mean cell volume (MCV) levels and on erythrocyte numbers, erythrocyte and erythrocyte nucleus areas were determined after exposing Oreochromis niloticus to 4 ppm Cu and 0.2 ppm Pb over 7, 15 and 30 days. Micro-hematocrit methods were adopted in determining hematocrit levels and microscopic methods were used to determine MCV, erythrocyte numbers, erythrocyte and erythrocyte nucleus areas. Hematocrit and MCV levels and erythrocyte and nucleus areas increased significantly (P

EFFECTS OF ZINC AND CADMIUM ON CONDITION FACTOR, HEPATOSOMATIC AND GONADOSOMATIC INDEX OF Oreochromis niloticus

Çiftçi, Nuray | Ay, Özcan | Karayakar, Fahri | Cicik, Bedii

Effects of Zn and Cd on condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic (HIS) and gonadosomatic (GSI) of Oreochromis niloticus, after exposing the animals to 10 % of their LC50 values, namely 6.0 ppm Zn and 1.6 ppm Cd, over 7, 15, and 30 days. Standard mathematical formulations were used in determining the mentioned parameters. Cadmium, which is a toxic metal, increased GSI and decreased HSI and CF at the beginning of the experiments. The decrease in HSI and CF continued with increasing exposure periods. Zinc, however, decreased all three parameters compared with control at the end of experiments (P

Effects of Cadmium and Cadmium Chitosan Mixture on Some Blood Parameters of Oreochromis niloticus

Çiftçi, Nuray | Karayakar, Fahri | Ay, Özcan | Karaytuğ, Sahire | Cicik, Bedii

Effects of 1 mgL-1 cadmium (Cd) and 1 mgL-1 Cd-10 mgL-1 chitosan(CT) mixture on hematocrit levels, erythrocyte numbers and on erythrocyte and erythrocyte nucleus areas were determined after exposing the animals to Cd and Cd-CT mixture over 7, 15 and 30 days. Microhematocrit and microscopic methods were used in determining the above blood parameters. No mortality was observed during the experiments. Hematocrit levels and erythrocyte numbers decreased whereas erythrocyte and erythrocyte nucleus areas increased in fish exposed to Cd alone compared with the control. No difference was observed, however, in the parameters studied in Cd-CT exposed fish compared with the control, except the erythrocyte nucleus area (P

Accumulation and Effect of Chromium on Protein and Glycogen Levels of Palaemonetes pugio

Çiftçi, Nuray | Karaytuğ, Sahire | Karayakar, Fahri | Ay, Özcan | Cicik, Bedii

Total metal accumulation and the levels of total protein and glycogen were measured in Palaemonetes pugio after exposing the animals to 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 ppm concentrations of chromium over 1, 7 and 15 days. Metal accumulation in tisuues was measured using atomic absorbtion spectrophotometric techniques and the levels of total protein and glycogen were determined Lowry and Anthron methods, respectively. No mortality was observed under the effect of chromium at any concentrations and exposure periods tested. Total metal accumulation increased with increasing concentrations of chromium at given exposure period while total protein and glycogen levels showed a decrease on day 15th compared with day 1.

Krom VI nın Oreochromis niloticus Cyprinus carpio Clarias gariepinus ile Callinectes sapidus un Dokularında Birikimi Protein ve Glikojen Düzeylerine Etkileri

Çiftçi, Nuray | Cicik, Bedii

Araştırmada, krom (VI)’nın 0.5, 1.0 ve 2.0 ppm’lik ortam derişimlerinin 7, 15 ve 30 gün sürelerle etkisinde Oreochromis niloticus, Cyprinus carpio, Clarias gariepinus ve Callinectes sapidus’un dokularındaki metal birikimi ile protein ve glikojen düzeylerindeki değişimler incelenmiştir. Doku örneklerinin krom analizi Atomik Absorbsiyon Spektrofotometrik yöntemle, doku protein analizi Lowry, glikojen analizi ise Antron metodu ile yapılmıştır. Kromun belirlenen süre ve ortam derişimlerinin etkisinde incelenen türlerde mortalite gözlenmemiştir. Belirlenen türlerde ve incelenen kas, solungaç, karaciğer ve hepatopankreas dokularında krom birikimi, metalin ortam derişimi ve etkide kalma süresindeki artışa bağlı olarak artmıştır. Birikim balıklarda en yüksek karaciğer, C. sapidus’da ise 0.5 ppm dışında solungaçlarda olurken, balık türleri arasında en yüksek C. gariepinus’da olduğu belirlenmiştir. İncelenen türlerde total protein düzeyi C. carpio dışında, glikojen düzeyi ise tüm türlerde ortam derişimi ve etkide kalma süresindeki artışa bağlı olarak azalmıştır. Krom etkisinde dokularda meydana gelen birikim, detoksifikasyon mekanizmaları ile glikojen ve total protein düzeylerindeki değişimler de metalin metabolik ve fizyolojik olaylarda neden olduğu değişikliklerle açıklanabil...

Accumulation of Chromium in Hepatopancreas Gill and Muscle Tissues of Callinectes sapidus

Çiftçi, Nuray | Cicik, Bedii | Ay, Özcan | Karayakar, Fahri | Karaytuğ, Sahire

Accumulation of chromium (VI) in hepatopancreas, gill and muscle tissues of Callinectes sapidus was studied after exposing the animals to 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 ppm chromium (IV) over 96 hours. Tissue levels of the metal were determined using Atomic Absorbtion Spectrophotometric (AAS) methods. No mortality was observed in any concentration of chromium after 96 hours of exposure. Accumulation of chromium in hepatopancreas and gill tissues increased with increasing concentrations of the metal, whereas muscle accumulation was below detection limits of AAS at the concentrations tested. The following relationship was found among the tissues in accumulating chromium; Gill > Hepatopancreas > Muscle

Effects of Chromium on the Hematocrit Levels and Erythrocyte Numbers of Cyprinus carpio

Cicik, Bedii | Çiftçi, Nuray | Ay, Özcan

Changes in hematocrit levels and erythrocyte numbers of Cyprinus carpio were determined after exposing the animals to 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 ppm chromium over 7, 15 and 30 days. Microhematocrit and hemocytometric methods were used for determining hematocrit levels and erythrocyte numbers respectively. No mortality was observed during the experiments. Hematocrit levels and erythrocyt numbers increased under the effect of metal on day 15. Hematocrit levels and erythtrocyte numbers decreased by increasing exposure periods except at 0.5 ppm chromium.

Accumulation of copper in liver, gill and muscle tissues of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758).

Karayakar, Fahri | Cicik, Bedii | Ciftci, Nuray | Karaytug, Sahire | Ay, Özcan

Accumulation of copper in liver, gill and muscle tissues of Anguilla anguilla was studied after exposing the animals to 1.00, 2.00 and 4.00 ppm Cu over 96 h period. The levels of metals in the studied tissues were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometric techniques. All the copper concentrations tested increased the tissue levels of the metal significantly in liver and gill tissues compared to control fish while metal accumulation in muscle tissue was statistically significant only at 4.00 ppm Cu. Accumulation of the metal in gill tissue showed no difference between the concentrations tested despite the differences observed in liver and muscle tissues. Accumulation of the metal was highest in liver tissue and lowest in muscle tissue.

Accumulation of Chromium in Liver Gill and Muscle Tissues of Orechromis niloticus

Çiftçi, Nuray | Cicik, Bedii | Ay, Özcan

The aim of the present study was to determine the levels of chromium in the liver, gill and muscle tissues of Oreochromis niloticus after exposing the animals to 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 ppm chromium over 96 h. Metal levels in the tissues studied were determined using atomic absorbrtion techniques. Although, some behavioral disturbances were observed in the chromium exposed fish at the beginning of experiments, no mortalities were observed at the end of 96 h. Exposure to chromium increased tissue levels of the metal except the muscle tissue while tissue accumulation increased with increasing concentration of the metal in the medium. Maximum accumulation was observed in the gill tissue at the lowest concentration tested, whereas accumulation was higher in the liver tissue at 2.0 and 4.0 ppm Cr.

Heavy metal levels in five species of fish caught from Mersin Gulf.

Karayakar, Fahri | Karaytug, Sahire | Cicik, Bedii | Ay, Özcan | Ciftci, Nuray

The aim of the present study was to determine the levels of cadmium, copper, zinc and chromium in the liver, gill and muscle tissues of some pelagic, benthopelagic and benthic fish species caught from Mersin Gulf and sold at Karaduvar Harbor. Pelagic species Sardinella aurita (Clupeidae), Liza ramado (Mugilidae), benthopelagic species Diplodus annularis (Sparidae) and benthic species Solea lutea (Soleidae) and Umbrina cirrosa (Sciaenidae) were selected as the study material. Atomic absorption spectrophotometric methods were applied in determining the tissue levels of metals. Metal levels showed tissue-dependent changes in the species studied. Pb and Cr levels were below detection limit; hence no comparison was made among the tissues. Cd, Cu and Zn levels were highest in the liver tissues and lowest in the muscle tissues of the species studied, except S. aurata. Gill Zn and Cd levels exceeded the liver and muscle levels in this species. Metal levels were higher in pelagic species compared with benthic ones.

Effects of cadmium on sera glucose and cortisol levels in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822).

Karaytuğ, Sahire | Karayakar, Fahri | Çiftçi, Nuray | Cicik, Bedii | Ay, Özcan

The effects of cadmium on sera glucose and cortisol levels of Clarias gariepinus was studied after exposing the animals to 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 ppm Cd over 30 days. An autoanalyser was used in determining sera parameters. Sera glucose levels showed no significant difference between the control and 0.25 and 0.50 ppm Cd exposed fish whereas 1.00 ppm cadmium decreased sera glucose significantly (p

EFFECTS OF LEAD CONCENTRATIONS ON SERAPARAMETERS AND HEMATOCRIT LEVELS IN Anguilla anguilla Linnaeus 1758

Çiftçi, Nuray | Cicik, Bedii | Ay, Özcan

The effects of lead on sera glucose, protein and cholesterol concentrations and on hematocrit levels of Anguilla anguilla exposed to 0.06 and 0.12 ppm lead were studied over 15 and 30 days. Sera parameters and hematocrit levels were determined by spectrophotometric and microhematocrit methods, respectively. No mortality was observed during the experiments. Sera glucose and protein levels showed a linear increase and a decrease respectively under the effect of lead. Sera cholesterol levels decreased compared to control over 15 days of exposure to both concentrations and this decrease was not significant between the concentrations on day 30. Lead concentrations 0.12 ppm lead did not cause any variation in hematocrit level, while 0.06 ppm lead increased it compared to control.. Changes in sera parameters and hematocrit levels of A. anguilla under the effect of lead can be attributed to restoration of homeostasis against the stress conditions caused by the metal.