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Potential renoprotective effects of silymarin against vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

Güzel, Sevda | Uçkun, Zuhal | Canacankatan, Necmiye | Antmen, Ş. Efsun | Kibar, Deniz | Coşkun Yılmaz, Banu

Silymarin (SLY), a flavonoid complex isolated from the seeds of Silybum marianum (Asteraceae), has antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-lipid peroxidative effects. Vancomycin (VA), used for treating serious infections, has been associated with nephrotoxicity, which limits its use. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential renoprotective effects of SLY on VA-induced nephrotoxicity using renal, apoptotic (caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 enzyme activities), and oxidative stress [nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA)] markers; serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels; and histopathological examination. A total of 49 male Wistar albino rats were used (n = 7): control [saline, intraperitoneally (i.p.)], dimethyl sulfoxide (i.p.), VA [400 mg/(kg-day), i.p.], SLY100 [100 mg/(kg-day), i.p.], VA + SLY50 [50 mg/(kg-day), i.p.], VA + SLY100 [100 mg/(kg-day), i.p.], and VA + SLY200 [200 mg/(kg-day), i.p.]. SLY was administered once daily for 8 days. One day after the first treatment of SLY, VA administration was started and continued for 7 days. The levels of serum creatinine and BUN were evaluated using ELISA, caspase enzyme activities and levels of MDA and NO in the kidney tissues were evaluated by the colorimetric methods. The serum...

The ameliorating effect of silymarin against vancomycin-induced apoptosis and inflammation in rat liver

Güzel Kara, Sevda | Uçkun Şahinoğulları, Zuhal | Canacankatan, Necmiye | Antmen, Ş. Efsun | Kibar, Deniz

Silymarin (SL), a flavonolignan complex isolated from seeds of Silybum marianum (Asteraceae), is known for its hepatoprotective, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. A glycopeptide antibiotic, Vancomycin (VA) which is used for the treatment of serious infections caused by multi-resistant Gram-positive microorganisms has been clinically used for a long time. The aim of the present study was to evaluate potential therapeutic efficiency of SL against VA-induced apoptosis and inflammation using apoptotic (caspase-3, -8, and, -9) enzyme activities) and inflammatory (Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)) markers, and histopathological examinations in rat liver. A total of 49 male Wistar albino rats was divided into 7 groups including control (saline, intraperitoneally (i.p.)), Dimethyl sulfoxide (i.p.), VA (400 mg/kg/day, i.p.), SL100 (100 mg/kg/day, i.p.), VA+SL50 (50 mg/kg/day, i.p.), VA+SL100 (100 mg/kg/day, i.p.), and VA+SL200 (200 mg/kg/day, i.p.). SL was administered once a daily for 8 days. One day after the first treatment of SL, VA administration was started and continued for 7 days. Hepatic TNF-α levels were evaluated by ELISA and hepatic caspase activities were evaluated according to the colorimetric method. Significantly increased caspase activities...

Effect of axitinib on inflammation in experimental corneal neovascularization model in rats

Canacankatan, Necmiye | Dinç, Erdem | Kibar, Deniz | Antmen, Ş. Efsun | Yılmaz, Banu COŞKUN | Taşdelen, Bahar

Purpose: This study investigated the antiinflammatory efficacy of topical application of a selective tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor (TKI), Axitinib in experimental corneal neovascularization (CNV) model in rats. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1), VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 were evaluated as angiogenic markers, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) were determined as inflammatory markers and also histopathological evaluations were carried out. Materials and Methods: Experimental CNV model was established by silver nitrate cauterization in right eye. 6 groups were included as Control; CNV; CNV+DMSO; CNV+0.04% Axitinib; CNV+0.08% Axitinib and CNV+0.24% Axitinib. The corneas were collected and VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, NF-κB, TNFα and COX2 were measured by ELISA. Results: Axitinib, significantly reduced corneal VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 compared to CNV. The most efficiency of Axitinib treatment was confirmed on VEGFR2 and especially with 0.04% dose. Increased NF-κB and TNFα level were reduced by 0.04% Axitinib treatment compared to CNV and CNV+DMSO. Conclusion: Axitinib may be suggested as a promising anti-inflammatory agent in CNV by suppressing corneal VEGFR1, VEGFR2, NF-κB and TNFα, beside improving the histological p...