Enhanced diagnostic pipeline for maxillary sinus-maxillary molars relationships: a novel implementation of Detectron2 with faster R-CNN R50 FPN 3x on CBCT images

özemre,mehmet özgür | Bektaş, Jale | yanık,hüseyin | baysal,lütfiye

Background The anatomical relationship between the maxillary sinus and maxillary molars is critical for planning dental procedures such as tooth extraction, implant placement and periodontal surgery. Methods This study presents a novel artificial intelligence-based approach for the detection and classification of these anatomical relationships in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. The model, developed using advanced image recognition technology, can automatically detect the relationship between the maxillary sinus and adjacent molars with high accuracy. Results The artificial intelligence algorithm used in our study provided faster and more consistent results compared to traditional manual evaluations, reaching 89% accuracy in the classification of anatomical structures. Conclusions With this technology, clinicians will be able to more accurately assess the risks of sinus perforation, oroantral fistula and other surgical complications in the maxillary posterior region preoperatively. By reducing the workload associated with CBCT analysis, the system accelerates clinicians’ diagnostic process, improves treatment planning and increases patient safety. It also has the potential to assist in the early detection of maxillary sinus pathologies and the planning of...

Evaluation of hard tissue characteristics and calcifications in pulp tissue of hypomineralized permanent molars using micro-computed tomography

Objectives To determine and compare pulp volume, dentin mineral density, presence of microcracks, pulp stones, and accessory canals, as well as their localizations in root regions for hypomineralized and healthy teeth. Design This study included 60 extracted permanent molar teeth, categorized into hypomineralized and healthy groups (n = 30 each). The hypomineralized group comprised molar teeth with limited white, yellow, or brown opacities, post-eruptive breakdown, or extensive restoration or crown damage. The healthy group included caries-free molar teeth without these characteristics. Using 3D micro-computed tomography images pulp volume, dentin mineral density, and the presence and locations of microcracks, pulp stones, and accessory canals were determined for each group. Statistical analyses were conducted using Independent T-test and Chi-square test, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding pulp volume and microcracks (p ≥ 0.05). The number of accessory canals was significantly greater in the cervical (p = 0.011; p < 0.05) and middle (p = 0.010; p < 0.05) regions of the hypomineralized teeth than healthy teeth. Dentin mineral density was statistically higher in the apical, middle, and cervi...

Bruksizmin Antegonial ve Gonial Bölgedeki Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Analitik Araştırma.

Objective: Bruxism is a parafunctional habit characterized by clenching and/or grinding the teeth. Bruxism can occur during sleep or while awake. It is a clinically important phenomenon because we commonly encounter it in the adult population. Opinions about the causes of bruxism are many and varied. Malocclusion, sleep disorders, sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system activation, alcohol, tobacco, medication, parafunctional habits, temporomandibular joint disorders, high anxiety level, psychiatric disorders and stress are among the possible etiological factors. The consequences of bruxism, in addition to effects such as tooth wear and pain, may also include changes in tooth movement, oral soft tissues and jaw bone. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of bruxism on the antegonial and gonial regions of the mandible, which are the attachment points of the chewing muscles, using panoramic radiographic images. Material and Methods: A total of 238 people, 106 of whom had bruxism and 132 of whom did not have bruxism, were included in our study. In panoramic radiograms, gonial angle, antegonial angle and antegonial depth were measured on the right and left sides of the mandible using the Image J program. Additionally, the presence of bone apposition in the gonial reg...

Comparison of the First Period of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Current Situation in Ankara and İstanbul in Terms of Dentistry: Descriptive Research

özemre,mehmet özgür

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the pandemic and the control measures implemented to contain it on the dentistry. The study also aims to identify the changes that have occurred in the field of dentistry and to compare the initial period of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Türkiye with the present situation. Material and Methods: The study assessed a total of 424 patients, with the first group being evaluated in May 2020 and the second group being evaluated in November 2022. A record was taken of the patients, detailing when they were admitted, the reason for admission, their history of systemic disease, the number of people accompanying them, and whether they had any symptoms such as cough, respiratory distress, or nasal discharge. The information from both batches was then compared. Results: During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, endodontic pain was the most prevalent complaint, followed by restorative issues such as tooth decay or tooth fracture. However, in the final stages of the pandemic, the most common complaint was about restorative issues. Temporomandibular joint disease was the second most frequent condition among the patients. Conclusion: While the number of patients who applied for dental care ...

Evaluation of mandibular trabecular and cortical bone by fractal analysis and radiomorphometric indices in bruxist and non-bruxist patients

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bruxism on the cortical and trabecular bone of the mandible using the radiomorphometric indexes and fractal analysis (FA) additionally to examine the efficiency of FA as diagnostic test for bruxism. Methods Evaluation was performed on panoramic radiographs of 94 bruxists and 94 non-bruxist individuals with the ImageJ program. Cortical bone was assessed with mandibular cortical index, mental index, and panoramic mental index. Trabecular bone in the condyle, gonial, and corpus region was evaluated by FA. An independent sample t and Mann-Whitney-U tests and Pearson and Spearman rank correlations were conducted for statistical analysis. Results A total of 188 participants, 112 female, and 76 male, were included in the study. The sample age ranged from 18 to 43, with a mean of 27.55 (± 7.022) years. FA values of the angulus were significantly higher than those of the condyle and corpus, and the mean of the sample for the angulus, condyle, and corpus, respectively, were; 1.36 (± 10), 1.10 (± 0.9), 1.13 (± 0.8). There was a positive correlation between FA of the mandibular corpus and age (r = .163, p = .025). Females’ values were smaller than males’ in the FAs of three regions, and significant differences were found...

Assessment of palatal mucosal thickness and location of the greater palatine foramen using cone-beam computed tomography: a retrospective study

Objectives This study aimed to measure the palatal mucosal thickness and examine the location of the greater palatine foramen using cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT). Methods In this study, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of the maxillary posterior region of 120 subjects were evaluated. The palatal mucosal thickness (PMT), palatal width and depth, and location of the greater palatine foramen (GPF) were determined on CBCT. The differences in the palatal mucosal thickness according to gender and palatal width/palatal depth were analyzed. The location of the GPF related to the maxillary molars was noted. Results The mean palatal mucosal thicknesses from the canine to the second molar teeth were 3.66, 3.90, 4.06, 3.76, and 3.92 mm, respectively. The mean PMT at the second premolar was statistically thicker than at other regions (p 

KONİK IŞINLI BİLGİSAYARLI TOMOGRAFİ GÖRÜNTÜLERİNDE RASTLANTISAL BULGULAR: BİR KESİTSEL ARAŞTIRMA

ÖZEMRE,MEHMET ÖZGÜR | TOPBAŞ KOÇAK, NAZAN

Amaç: Maksillofasiyal konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi görüntülerinde karşılaşılan rastlantısal bulguların yerini, tipini ve sıklığını geriye dönük olarak incelemektir. Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmada, 2018-2021 yılları arasında sadece implant planlaması amacıyla alınmış konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi görüntüleri geriye dönük olarak rastlantısal bulgu varlığı açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Görüntüler, iki deneyimli dentomaksillofasiyal radyolog tarafından geriye dönük olarak incelenmiştir. Rastlantısal bulgular bulundukları bölgeye göre; hava yolu bulguları, gömülü diş-kök varlığı, temporomandibular eklem bulguları, endodontik lezyonlar, osteoskleroz ve yumuşak doku kalsifikasyonları olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmada 109’u erkek 91’i kadın olan toplam 200 hastanın (yaş ortalaması 50,54 (36-68)) konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi görüntüleri incelendi. Rastlantısal bulguların dağılımı açısından cinsiyetler arasında anlamlı fark bulunamadı (p=0,857). Yaş ile rastlantısal bulguların gözlenmesi arasında korelasyon yoktu (p=0,525). Rastlantısal bulguların en çok görüldüğü bölge hava yolu olup ardından sırasıyla, gömülü diş ve artık kökler, TME bulguları, endodontik lezyon, osteoskleroz ve yumuşak doku kalsifikasyonları gelmektedir. Sonuç: Çalışmada değerlendirilen...

Evaluation of the Appearance, Location and Morphology of Lingual Foramens in Dentates and Edentulous Mandibles Using CBCT

Karslıoğlu, Hazal

Objective: The lingual foramen (LF) in the anterior mandibular region is important for surgical planning. Our aim was to assess the anatomical variations of the mandibular LF and canals using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: CBCT images of 148 patients were evaluated. The LF presence, number, position, diameter and trajectory was established. The relationship between the findings and gender, dental status was evaluated using Mann-Whitney U, independent samples t-test, and Spearman correlation. Results: Of 102 patients, 5.9% had the inferior foramen, 60.8% had the superior foramen, and 33.3% had two foramina. The average diameter of the inferior LF was 1.08 mm and superior LF was 1.21 mm. There is a statistical difference between genders according to the diameter of the inferior LF (p=0.031). Conclusion: Due to the prevalence of foramines of different sizes and locations, we recommend assessing with CBCT before surgical procedures.