Knowledge-level comparison in pulpal and periapical diseases: dental students versus artificial intelligence models (Gemini, Microsoft Copilot, ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4o): cross-sectional study

Şimşek, Emine

Background This study explored the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots and dental students when responding to questions related to pulpal and periapical diseases. Rapid advancements in AI have led to increased interest in their applicability to clinical education and decision-making in dentistry. Objective To compare the accuracy rates of responses given by dental students and various AI-based chatbots (ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4o, Gemini, and Microsoft Copilot) to multiple-choice questions designed to assess knowledge related to pulpal and periapical diseases. Methods The study included third- and fifth-year dental students representing different levels of clinical training, along with four distinct AI-based chatbots. A total of 327 responses were collected fro...