The effects of Fe2O3 based DOC and SCR catalyst on the exhaust emissions of diesel engines

Resitoglu, Ibrahim Aslan

The effects of Fe2O3 based DOCs (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) and SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) catalysts on the exhaust emissions of diesel engine were investigated in this experimental study. The investigated catalysts, Al2O3 - TiO2/CeO2/Fe2O3 (ATCF) and Al2O3- Nb2O5/CeO2/Fe2O3 (ANCF), were produced with impregnation method and aged for 6 h at 600 degrees C. FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) and BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) Surface Area analyzes were carried out to determine the specifications of catalysts. The catalytic performances of the DOCs were tested for the oxidation of CO, HC, PM, NO while SCR catalysts were tested for SCR of NOx using NH3. An individual exhaust system was built up and mounted to the engin...

Comparative degradation of 5-fluorouracil in aqueous solution by using H2O2-modified subcritical water, photocatalytic oxidation and electro-Fenton processes

Gözmen, Belgin

This study investigated the degradation of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) widely applied to treat different cancers using different advanced oxidation processes such as electro-Fenton (EF), photocatalysis with TiO2, and H2O2-modified subcritical water oxidation. The treatment with the EF process was the most efficient compared to others. Interestingly, in the EF process, the oxidative degradation of 5-FU behaved differently depending on the anode used. At low currents (20 and 40 mA), Pt and DSA anodes performed better than BDD and Ti4O7 anodes. In contrast, at the higher current of 120 mA, the production of heterogeneous hydroxyl radicals (M(• OH)) became important and contributed significantly to the oxidation of 5-FU in addition to homogeneous • OH generated in th...

Synthesis of biomass-based BiOI@Hydrochar heterogeneous catalyst and investigation of its activity in sonocatalytic process

Gözmen, Belgin | Çomak, Gürbüz | Görmez, Özkan

Innovative studies in recent years to remove pollutants discharged into water resources through various means are critically important for protecting existing water resources. An important part of these studies is heterogeneous catalysis-based AOPs, where new generation composite materials are used and high organic pollutant degradation has been achieved. This study used the solvothermal approach to produce a BiOI@BH sonocatalyst doped with hydrochar (BH). A variety of analysis techniques, including XRD, FESEM, EDS, FTIR, DRS, and BET surface analysis, were used to assess changes in the physico-chemical properties of the BiOI@BH structure in comparison to BiOI. Both the adsorption and sonocatalytic degradation processes for the methylene blue aqueous solution were found to be more successf...

New naphthoquinone thiazole hybrids as carbonic anhydrase and cholinesterase inhibitors: Synthesis, crystal structure, molecular docking, and acid dissociation constant

Efeoglu, Cagla | Selcuk, Ozge | Demir, Bunyamin | Nural, Yahya

In this study, N-[3-(3-amino-1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)-4-R-thiazol-2(3H)-ylidene]-2,6-difluorobenzamide derivatives as new 1,4-naphthoquinone thiazole hybrids were synthesized by reacting of N-[(3amino-1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)carbamothioyl]-2,6-difluorobenzamide with various alpha-bromoketones in 76-92% yields. Their molecular structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR, FT-IR, and HRMS, and the stereochemistry of one of the hybrids was determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction study. These synthesized new compounds (3a-e) were found to be effective inhibitor molecules for cholinesterases (butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)), and carbonic anhydrase I and II (hCA I and hCA II) enzymes. KI values were found to be in the ra...

Trends in electrochemical nanosensors for the analysis of antioxidants

Antioxidants play a very critical role in many biological processes in which free radicals are present. The physiological part of these compounds prevents damage to cellular components from arising because of chemical reactions involving free radicals. Oxidation mechanisms appear continuously in living metabolism, and reactive oxygen species are taken from outside step-up oxidation events. Many attempts have been made rapid, economical, and user-friendly analytical approaches for detecting and determining antioxidant capacity in recent years. Electrochemical techniques offer an alternative and powerful strategy for determining antioxidant content as they allow simple and inexpensive detection. This review discusses information about antioxidants, their classification, mechanism of action, ...

Novel 1,4-naphthoquinone N-aroylthioureas: Syntheses, crystal structure, anion recognition properties, DFT studies and determination of acid dissociation constants

Gemili, Müge | Nural, Yahya

In this paper, five novel 1,4-naphthoquinone N-aroylthiourea derivatives were synthesized, by the reaction of 2,3-diaminonaphthalene-1,4-dione and aroylisothiocyanates, in excellent yield (88-96%) and characterized by using FT-IR, H-1/C-13 NMR and HRMS. In addition, the molecular structure of one of the 1,4-naphthoquinone N-aroylthiourea compounds was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The absorption spectra of the compounds were determined in DMSO and the dyes have absorption in visible region in the range of 464-477 nm. The chemosensing ability of each of the prepared dyes was assessed by titrating them towards the anions; F-, Cl-, Br-, I- AcO-, CN-, CIO4-, H2PO4-, HSO4-, and NO3-, using spectrophotometric and H-1 NMR titration techniques in DMSO, experimentally. ...

Synthesis, crystal structure, DFT studies, acid dissociation constant, and antimicrobial activity of methyl 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-7a-((4-chlorophenyl)carbamothioyl)-1-oxo-5,5-diphenyl-3-thioxo-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-e]imidazole-6-carboxylate

Nural, Yahya | Gemili, Muge | Ulger, Mahmut

A novel bicyclic thiohydantoin fused to pyrrolidine compound, methyl 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-7a-((4-chlorophenyl)carbamothioyl)-1-oxo-5,5-diphenyl-3-thioxo-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-e]imidazole-6-carboxylate, was synthesized by the cyclization reaction of dimethyl 5,5-diphenylpyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate and 4-chlorophenyl isothiocyanate in the presence of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine to form methyl 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-oxo-5,5-diphenyl-3-thioxo-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-e]imidazole-6-carboxylate with concomitant addition reaction of the 4-chlorophenyl isothiocyanate in 79% yield. The structural characterization was performed by NMR, FT-IR, MS and HRMS techniques, and the stereochemistry of the compound was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction study. In addition, the molecular structure a...

Novel highly functionalized 1,4-naphthoquinone 2-iminothiazole hybrids: Synthesis, photophysical properties, crystal structure, DFT studies, and anti(myco)bacterial/antifungal activity

Gemili, Muge | Nural, Yahya | Ülger, Mahmut | Erat, Selma

In this paper, a series of novel highly functionalized 1,4-naphthoquinone 2-iminothiazole hybrids were synthesized via a cyclization reaction of 2,3-diaminonaphthalene-1,4-dione N-aroylthioureas and alpha-bromoketones in good to excellent yields (74-94%). The stereochemistry of one of the 1,4-naphthoquinone 2-iminothiazole products was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. Photophysical properties of the compounds in DMSO, HAc and THF were determined by using UV-vis spectroscopy. The ground state geometries and the absorption spectra of the compounds were also determined using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) at B3LYP/631 + g(d,p) level of theory. The computed results are consistent with experimental values. An antimicrobial screening w...

Comparison of zygoma plates and infrazygomatic crest miniscrews used open bite treatment: A 3-dimensional finite element study

Arslan Çarpar, Kübra

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate infrazygomatic crest (IZC) miniscrews, which represent a new approach to maxillary posterior tooth intrusion and extra-alveolar skeletal anchorage, using 3-dimensional f inite element stress analysis to predict the clinical usability instead of zygoma plates. Methods: Six different models were developed. The direction of the intrusion force was generated parallel to the maxillary first molar, and the posterior bite-block intrusion appliance was connected with 2 steel arches. A zygoma plate, stainless steel (SS)-IZC miniscrew, and a titanium alloy (TiA)-IZC miniscrew were used as anchorage units, and 200 g and 400 g of intrusion forces were applied. The cortical bone, spongious bone, stress values, and displacements in the anchorage unit were exami...

The effect of virtual reality glasses on pain and patient satisfaction in arteriovenous fistula cannulation procedure
The Effect of Virtual Reality on AV Fistula Cannulation

ŞEN, Hatice | LAFCI BAKAR, Diğdem

Abstract Aims To determine the effect of virtual reality glasses intervention on pain, vital signs, and patient satisfaction of hemodialysis patients undergoing AVF catheter puncture. Design Randomized controlled study. Methods The study was conducted in 60 patients receiving dialysis treatment in the HD unit of a public hospital in Turkey. The data were collected via the “Patient Identification Form”, “Visual Analog Scale/VAS” and “Hemodynamics Variables Inspection Form”. The patients in the experiment group watched videos through the virtual reality glasses for totally 5 minutes in average, 2 minutes before the AVF cannulation process and 3 minutes during the process. No intervention was applied to the patients in the control group other than the normal nursing interventions in the...

Synthesis, biological properties, and acid dissociation constant of novel naphthoquinone–triazole hybrids.

Nural, Yahya | Ozdemir, Sadin | Demir, Bunyamin | Yalcin, Mustafa Serkan | Erat, Selma

A series of novel 1,4-naphthoquinone-triazole hybrids, N-(3-amino-1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)-2-(4-R-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamide, was synthesized by click chemistry in the presence of sodium ascorbate and copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate in 81-94% yield. Various biological properties of the synthesized compounds including DNA binding/cleavage, antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal properties were evaluated. The DNA binding study was performed using dsDNA and G-quadruplex DNA. All of the compounds showed fluorescence increase in the presence of DNA, regardless of the structure. Up to 2.9 and 2.5 times fluorescence increase upon incubation with double stranded or G-quadruplex DNA was detected for 5f and 5g, respectively. The docking studies performed on dsDNA and G-quadruple...

The pre school teacher candidates metaphorical thinking about the concept of music learning

Koca, Şehriban

In recent years, metaphors became the subject and center of the increasing interests in educational sciences. In this study, the purpose is to determine metaphorical thoughts of pre-school teacher candidates' about the concept of music learning. The data were analyzed by qualitative method. To analyze the data, content analysis method was employed. Data was collected through the use of the phrase "Music learning is like... because..." and analyzed through the following stages: In the first stage, all of the metaphorical images supplied by the participants were simply coded (e. g., sun, etc.). Second, the coded metaphorical images (n=52) were scrutinized to choose a sample expression that represented each identified metaphorical image best. Third, 5 major conceptual categories were classifi...

SVM-SMO-SGD: A hybrid-parallel support vector machine algorithm using sequential minimal optimization with stochastic gradient descent

Mutlu, Gizen | Acı, Çiğdem

The Support Vector Machine (SVM) method is one of the popular machine learning algorithms as it gives high accuracy. However, like most machine learning algorithms, the resource consumption of the SVM algorithm in terms of time and memory increases linearly as the dataset grows. In this study, a parallel-hybrid algorithm that combines SVM, Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO) with Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) methods have been proposed to optimize the calculation of the weight costs. The performance of the proposed SVM-SMO-SGD algorithm was compared with classical SMO and Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) based approaches on the well-known datasets (i.e., Diabetes, Healthcare Stroke Prediction, Adults) with 520, 5110, and 32,560 samples, respectively. According to the result...

Metal(loid) accumulation and ecotoxicological assessment in cartilaginous fishes from the Northeastern Mediterranean

Çiftçi, Nuray | AYAS, Deniz

The present study was conducted with the objective of ascertaining the levels of selected metal(loid)s in the muscle, liver, spleen, kidney, stomach, intestinal, and gonad tissues of seven distinct cartilaginous species sampled from Northern Cyprus. This initiative was undertaken to address the dearth of metal bioaccumulation data for cartilaginous species and to elucidate the impact of metal pollution on these species, which are distinguished by their limited reproductive capacity. The samples were obtained from discarded species captured during commercial fishing activities. The metal concentrations in these tissues were subsequently determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometry (ICP-MS). The results indicated that the kidney tissue of Squalus blainville exhibited th...

Comprehensive review of Carbon-based nanostructures: Properties, synthesis, characterization, and cross-disciplinary applications

Gul, Afroz | Nasir, Abir | Moses, Titus Otamayomi | Nural, Yahya | Yabalak, Erdal

Carbon has played a pivotal role in human civilization's advancement, owing to its ability to form strong bonds in various structures. Over the past three decades, numerous carbon-based nanoparticles (CBNs) have been developed through diverse synthesis processes. CBNs have been utilized in a wide range of applications, including biomedicine, catalysis, environmental remediation, and textiles. This paper provides a comprehensive study of the CBNs. The first section includes detailed descriptions of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoparticles, nanodiamonds, and carbon quantum dots and their properties. Also, It provides a comprehensive overview of the different synthesis methods. The third section of this paper shows the techniques used in the characterization process and the l...

Living with atrial fibrillation: an analysis of patients' perspectives

Gün, Meral

Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the perceptions of patients with atrial fibrillation regarding the disease, to reveal their feelings, thoughts and wishes, and to investigate their perspectives and coping behaviors towards their condition. Methods Phenomenological methodology was used. The study population consisted of a total of 225 patients treated by the cardiology department of a university hospital, while the study sample consisted of 32 patients who met the inclusion criteria. A semistructured interview addressed perceptions of patients with atrial fibrillation regarding the disease. Data were collected by asking the participants the three questions on the In-depth Individual Interview Form. Data were analyzed using the continuous comparative method of Colaizzi. Results...