A novel additive for enhancing biomass energy production from agro-industrial wastes: synthesis of hydrophobic nanoporous silica aerogel and its effect on methane production
Akbay, Habibe Elif Gülşen | Başgöz, Öyküm
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the most preferred processes for the treatment of organic waste. However, additional processes such as co-digestion, pretreatment, and additive addition continue to be explored to remove the limits on the applicability of AD. This study investigated the effects of hydrophobic nanoporous silica aerogel (NpSA) synthesized from waste rice husks on the anaerobic co-digestion (AnCD) of the mixture consisting of sewage sludge and fruit processing industry wastes. All bioreactors containing NpSA-free, 0.1 g, 0.2 g, 0.5 g, and 1 g NpSA (0.03–0.3 gNpSA/gVSadded) were operated in a mesophilic-batch process. Biogas and methane yields increased from 346 mL/gVS (NpSA-free) to 387 mL/gVS and from 231 mL/gVS (NpSA-free) to 288 mL/gVS, respectively, with 0.1 g NpSA addit...
Yemler Bilgisi Yem Teknolojisi ve Balık Besleme
Bilgüven, Murat
Her havuz alanında ya da yetiştirme biriminden elde edilen balık ve dolayısıyla balık yetiştiriciliğinin kârlılığı, büyük ölçüde kullanılan yemin miktarına bağlıdır. Su ürünleri sistemi ne kadar yoğun olursa yemlemenin önemi o kadar fazla olur ve toplam üretim maliyetinde yem maliyetinin payı da o kadar artar. Bilindiği üzere alabalık başta olmak üzere bazı balıkların yetiştiriciliği için akarsu sistemli tesisler kullanılmakta yada sıcaklığın, su bileşiminin ve akıntının dolayısıyla oksijen yoğunluğunun daha iyi olduğu tatlı su ve kıyılarda ise yüzer ağ kafeslerde yetiştiricilik yapılmaktadır. Su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinin ileri durumda olduğu ülkelerde entansif yetiştiricilik uygulanmakta ve yetiştirme alanlarında birim hacimde maksimum ürün yetiştirilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Bu tür yetişti...
Enhancement of biohydrogen production efficiency in dark co-fermentation of sewage sludge and fruit processing wastes through ultrasonic, alkali, acid, and thermal pretreatment
Akbay, Habibe Elif Gülşen | Deniz, Fatma
The development of urbanization and related treatment/infrastructure systems has increased the number of wastewater treatment plants in cities and the amount of sewage sludge (SS) with high organic matter content coming out of them. Dark co-fermentation (DcF) of such wastes with industrial wastes of food origin with high carbohydrate (CH) content is quite attractive to produce biohydrogen, which is considered as an efficient alternative fuel of the future. This study aimed to improve batch biohydrogen production by ultrasonic (US), thermal (T), acidic (AC) and alkali (AL) pretreatment of feedstock consisting of SS and various fruit processing industry wastes (3:1 mixing ratio based on total solids (TS)). Biohydrogen production yields were 96.48, 143.95, 121.79, 119.80, 114.73, and 100.32 m...
A highly efficient catalyst consisting of Ni and S double-doped reduced graphene modified with ZnO nanoparticles for hydrogen peroxide electroreduction
Sedef Kaplan A, Rukan Suna Karatekin A
n this study, we prepared a novel electrocatalyst based on S doped reduced graphene layer modified with Ni and ZnO nanoparticles. The catalyst materials were characterized by X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and mapping. Because of the synergistic effect between three materials (S, Ni, and ZnO), the new electrocatalyst finally formed with a large electroactive surface area. Through the measurement, it was concluded that this surface includes large active sites which can effectively improve the electron transfer rate. The electrocatalytic activity of Ni-ZnO@s-rGO toward H2O2 reduction was examined via some measurements such as CV, I-t measurement, and electrochemical imped...
Role of antioxidant defense system and biochemical adaptation on stress tolerance of high mountain and steppe plants
Keleş, Yüksel
Eleven species were collected from Northwest Anatolian mountains (1500–2000 m) and 18 species were collected from the Central Anatolian steppes (850–1000 m) in June 1998 and 1999. In all the species investigated, the water and dry matter percentages and solute contents were measured. The chlorophyll, b-carotene, ascorbate and a-tocopherol contents and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) andglutathione reductase (GR)enzymeactivities oftheplants werealsodetermined.Thesteppeplantshadlowerwatercontentcomparedwith alpine plants. The chlorophyll contents of the plants investigated did not change with altitude. However, the carotenoid/chlorophyll ratio of alpine plants was found to be significantly higher. The antioxidant/chlorophyll ratio of the trees and shrubs was higher than that of he...