Description of the episeptal and interlaminar fascial tunnels for the superficial fibular nerve and its terminal branches.

KESİLMİŞ İNCİ | KURTOĞLU OLGUNUS ZELİHA

Purpose This study aimed to reveal the course of the superficial fibular nerve and its branches, whose entrapment may be responsible for anterior leg pain and is at risk in fasciotomies, according to the crural fascia laminae and the anterior inter muscular septum. Methods On the twenty cadaver legs, the location of the superficial fibular nerve and its branches, according to the crural fascia layers and anterior intermuscular septum, the course type in the tunnel, if any, and the superficialization pattern were defined. Results The number of cases in which the superficial fibular nerve and its branches traveled within a tunnel was found to be 15/20 (75%). The superficial fibular tunnel was defined as an “episeptal” and “interlaminar fascial” tunnel based on the nerve’s relati...

The effect of hallux valgus on the anatomy of the nerves around the first metatarsal bone

Kurtoğlu Olgunus, Zeliha

Objective To identify the variations in the location of the nerves that may be at risk in hallux valgus (HV) surgery, and to reveal whether these nerves are affected by the anatomical changes associated with HV. Method In the formalin fixed, 46 lower extremities (19 female, 27 male) (9 normal, 14 mild HV, 21 moderate/severe HV), extensor hallucis longus tendon (EHL), deep plantar artery, medial dorsal cutaneous (MDCN), deep fibular (DFN), common plantar digital (CPDN) and proper plantar digital (PPDN) nerves were examined. The branches of MDCN extending to the medial side of foot were recorded in three segments. The positional topography of nerves according to EHL were analyzed on 360° circle and clock models. Results Sex-related differences observed in some parameters in direct measurem...

Oxidation of Alchols to Carbonyl Compounds Benzylic Carbons to their Ketones and Arenes to their Quinones with Molecular Oxygen in Subcritical Water

Özen Recep, Şimşek Kuş Nermin

Molecular oxygen is used as an efficient oxidant for the conversion of alcohols into carbonyl compounds, benzylic carbons to their ketones, and arenes to their quinones in subcritical water in the absence of catalysts. The procedure utilizes water and does not require support materials and metal salts.

Investigation of landslide detection using radial basis functions: a case study of the Taşkent landslide, Turkey

Şanlıoğlu, İsmail

This paper investigates landslide detection over flat and steep-slope areas with large forest cover using different radial basis function interpolation methods, which can affect the quality of a digital elevation model. Unmanned aerial vehicles have been widely used in landslide detection studies. The generation of image-based point clouds is achievable with various matching algorithms from computer vision systems. Point cloud-based analysis was performed by generating multi-temporal digital elevation models to detect landslide displacement. Interpolation methodology has a crucial task to fill the gaps in insufficient areas that result from filtered areas or sensors that do not generate spatial information. Radial basis function interpolations are the most commonly used technique for estim...

Accurate determination of the Taşkent (Konya, Turkey) landslide using a long-range terrestrial laser scanner

Şanlıoğlu, İsmail

Landslides are a common type of mass movement that occur in large numbers and have significant effects on topography. In Turkey, landslides rank second after earthquakes among natural disasters that cause widespread loss of life and property. This study investigates the monitoring of the Tas¸kent Landslide (Konya, Turkey), which has considerably affected the local topography. The landslide in Tas¸kent had an adverse effect on transportation to nearby towns and villages. Initial studies were conducted using the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) measurement scale; these studies are currently ongoing. Since 2011, studies using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), which is one of the latest ground-positioning technologies, have also been launched. This article presents the results of the ...

Accumulation and Elimination of Cadmium by the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in differing Temperatures and Responses of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers

Karayakar, Fahri | Cicik, Bedii

The aims of this study were to investigate the accumulation (15 days) and elimination (15 and 30 days) of cadmium (Cd) in the liver, gill, kidney and muscle of Oreochromis niloticus following exposures to different concentrations (1 and 2 mg/L) of Cd at different water temperatures (20, 25, 30 o C). Additionally, responses of oxidative stress biomarkers (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GPx and malondialdehyde, MDA) of the liver were determined following Cd exposures. In accumulation period, Cd levels increased significantly in all the tissues at all temperatures and tissue accumulation order was kidney>liver>gill. All tissues, except the muscle, accumulated Cd in relation to exposure concentrations and water temperatures. There was no measurable level of Cd...

Association of NRG3 and ERBB4 gene polymorphism with nicotine dependence in Turkish population

Erdal, Mehmet Emin

Background Nicotine dependence (ND) is characterized by regular smoking, anxiety, irritation, difficulty concentrating, impatience, restlessness, tremor, dizziness, hunger, nicotine demand, and the individual’s reluctance to quit despite knowing the health risks of smoking. Recently, it has been reported that the Neuregulin 3 (NRG3)/Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ERBB4) signaling pathway plays a role in ND. NRG3, which is activated after nicotine intake, binds to ERBB4 and causes GABA release. GABA reduces anxiety and tension, which are one of the nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Therefore we aimed to investigate the relationship between NRG3 and ERBB4 gene polymorphisms and ND. Materials and methods The study population was comprised of patients with ND (n = 200) and healthy non-smoker c...

Degenerate Bernoulli–Fibonacci and Euler–Fibonacci polynomials

Dişkaya, Orhan

In this article, we first introduce the degenerate Bernoulli–Fibonacci numbers and degenerate Euler–Fibonacci numbers. Using these definitions, we then define the degenerate Bernoulli–Fibonacci polynomials and degenerate Euler–Fibonacci polynomials and examine their graphs for several initial values of λ. Subsequently, we define the degenerate Bernoulli and Euler F-polynomials and derive new exponential generating functions for these polynomials. Additionally, we investigate various identities associated with these polynomials.

Nickel(II) complexes prepared from NNN type ligands and pseudohalogens : Synthesis, structure and thermal decomposition

Six nickel(II) complexes, using azide and thiocyanate ions, have been synthesized from bis-2,6(pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine (pp) and some methyl derivatives, 2-(3,5-dimethyl(pyrazol-1-yl)-6-(pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine (app) and bis-2,6(3,5-dimethyl(pyrazol-1-yl) pyridine (dmpp) in non-aqueous media. The complex structures were analyzed using elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. Appropriate crystals of complex, containing azide [Nipp(N3)2]·MeOH (I) and thiocyanate [Nidmpp(SCN)2·MeOH] (VI) were prepared and the molecular structures determined using X-ray diffraction. Complex I was seen to be dinuclear as stated in literature, space group P21/n, monoclinic, a=10.503, b=10.681, c=13.291 Å, β=106.56° and Z=2 whereas complex VI was found to be mononuclear, space group P21/n, monoclinic,...

Illustrating of a Landslide Site with Photogrammetric and LIDAR Methods

Çelik, Mehmet Özgür | Alptekin, Aydın | Yakar, Murat

2024-12-26

The Comparison of Heavy Metal Level in Surface Water, Sediment and Biota Sampled from the Polluted and Unpolluted Sites in the Northeastern Mediterranean Sea

Çiftçi, Nuray | AYAS, Deniz

The determination of heavy metal level (aluminium, iron, zinc, arsenic strontium) in surface water, sediment, and biota in Iskenderun Bay, polluted site, and Mersin Bay, unpolluted site, in 2018–2019 seasonally were aimed. The muscle and liver (viscera for shrimp) tissue of three fish (Saurida lessepsianus, Nemipterus randalli, Mullus barbatus) and an invertebrate (Penaus semisulcatus) species, which have different habitats and diet, were used to detection of biota metal level. Sediment samples were analyzed in four different particle sizes which were < 63, 63 ≤ − < 125, 125 ≤ − < 250, 250 ≤ − < 500 μm mesh size. The metal levels in surface water, sediment, and biota samples were analysed with Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Statistical analysis of the data was...

Fibonacci-based generalizations of degenerate Stirling numbers

Dişkaya, Orhan

This paper introduces and systematically investigates Fibonacci-based analogues and generalizations of degenerate Stirling and Lah numbers. We begin by recalling the classical definitions and key properties of Stirling numbers of both kinds, Lah numbers, Fibonacci numbers, and Fibonomial coefficients, along with F-falling and F-rising factorials. The foundational concept of degenerate numbers and their associated degenerate factorials, as initiated by Carlitz, is also reviewed. Our primary contribution is the definition of four new families of numbers: the degenerate F-Stirling numbers of the first kind and S1,λF(n,k), the degenerate F-Stirling numbers of the second kind S2,λF(n,k), and the degenerate F-Lah number LλF(n,k). These numbers are precisely characterized as connection coeffici...

Monitoring landslides with geophysical and geodetic observations

Şanlıoğlu, İsmail

The objective of this study was to evaluate and predict land movement by integrating geodetic, geophysical and meteorological data in a landslide area. Specifically, electrical resistivity tomography surveying, Global Navigation Satellite System and terrestrial laser scanning techniques were integrated to monitor a landslide. The study area lies to the southeast of the town of Ta kent in southern Turkey, close to Balcflar in the Central Taurus mountain chain. Landslides result in considerable damage to structures, farmland and the environment in this area; therefore, it is important to characterise the size, extent and timing of past land movements in order to mitigate damage from future landslides. Analysis presented in this paper shows that the greatest land movements in the region occur...

First Confirmed Stranding of a Juvenile fin Whale, Balaenoptera Physalus (Linnaeus, 1758), in the Northeastern Mediterranean Sea

Ayas, Deniz | Çiftçi, Nuray

The body of a 13.5 m long male fin whale calf (Balaenoptera physalus, Linnaeus, 1758) was found stranded in Mersin Bay on 13 May 2021. The aim of this study was to present its external examination. The carcass of the juvenile was brought to Mersin University Marine Life Museum and examined extensively. It was observed that the integrity of the body was preserved, while the skin was disintegrated and had localized lesions. It was seen that a significant part of the soft tissues in the head were damaged and the jawbone and cranium remained attached to the body. A complete fracture of the radius and ulna of the left pectoral fin was observed and blood accumulation was noted in the thoracic part due to 10–20 days of decomposition. The left pectoral fin was attached to the body only by skin. Th...

Changes in Liver Tissue Trace Element Concentrations During Hepatitis B Viral Infection Treatment

Karayakar, Fahri | Çolak, Tahsin

Approximately 350–400 million people in the world have Hbs Ag (hepatitis B virus surface antigen) positivity. In the international guidelines, the permanent suppression of replication in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection therapy is reported as the primary therapeutic goal. Trace elements play a key role in liver diseases. The aim of our study is to determine some trace element concentrations in the liver during HBV treatment periods. The measurement of 11 trace elements (manganese, lead, nickel, chromium, cadmium, iron, copper, zinc, silver, cobalt, and aluminum) was carried out by the method of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in liver biopsy materials (before starting treatment and at the sixth month of the treatment period). There was an increase in zinc and copper c...

Assessment of heavy metal pollution in coastal surface sediments of the Mersin Bay, Northeastern Mediterranean Sea.

Özbay, Özgür

Heavy metals accumulated in the sediment constitute a potential source of pollution having a higher pollutant load than the overlying seawater. In order to determine anthropogenic impacts on the heavy metal enrichment and contamination in surface sediments, either reference/background values of the metals in the pristine condition or reference metal values of the earth’s crust are widely used. In this study, the metal pollution indices Enrichment Factor, Geoaccumulation Index, Contamination Factor and Pollution Load Index were used to determine the levels and sources of metal pollution (Chromium, Manganese, Iron, Nickel, Copper, Zinc, Cadmium and Lead) in the coastal surface sediments of the Mersin Bay. The study findings indicated that the coastal surface sediments of the Mersin Bay are h...