Interrelations among PTSD, Complex PTSD, and depression in Syrian refugees: A network analysis

Emre Han ALPAY

The Syrian civil war has resulted in unprecedented displacement and psychological distress, with millions of refugees experiencing high rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) , complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), and depression. This study examines the interconnections between these disorders among Syrian refugees using network analysis. Data were collected between May and October 2024 from 628 adult Syrian refugees (66.1% women; Mean age = 32.09, SD = 10.95) who had migrated to Türkiye following the outbreak of the Syrian civil war in March 2011. PTSD, CPTSD, and depressive symptoms were assessed using the International Trauma Questionnaire and the Patient Health Questionnaire–9. Network analysis revealed a moderately dense symptom structure, highlighting strong associat...