Performance investigation and emission analysis of a diesel engine operated on hydrogen and ammonia

Okumuş, Fatih

This study investigates binary-fuel operation of a single-cylinder diesel engine using hydrogen and ammonia as secondary fuels through comprehensive CFD simulations. The effects of injector hole diameter, injection timing, and injection duration on combustion, performance, and emissions were systematically analyzed under both full- and partial-load conditions. Parametric analyses further revealed that variations in nozzle diameter and injection duration exerted a stronger influence on indicated power and efficiency than intake air conditions. The results indicate that injector geometry strongly influences combustion dynamics. At full load, indicated power averaged 6.0 kW, with the highest value of 6.5 kW obtained in ammonia–diesel operation at the smallest nozzle diameter. At partial load,...