Comprehensive review of Carbon-based nanostructures: Properties, synthesis, characterization, and cross-disciplinary applications

Gul, Afroz | Nasir, Abir | Moses, Titus Otamayomi | Nural, Yahya | Yabalak, Erdal

Carbon has played a pivotal role in human civilization's advancement, owing to its ability to form strong bonds in various structures. Over the past three decades, numerous carbon-based nanoparticles (CBNs) have been developed through diverse synthesis processes. CBNs have been utilized in a wide range of applications, including biomedicine, catalysis, environmental remediation, and textiles. This paper provides a comprehensive study of the CBNs. The first section includes detailed descriptions of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoparticles, nanodiamonds, and carbon quantum dots and their properties. Also, It provides a comprehensive overview of the different synthesis methods. The third section of this paper shows the techniques used in the characterization process and the l...