A REVIEW OF AMMONIA AS A SUSTAINABLE FUEL FOR MARITIME TRANSPORTATION
Okumuş, Fatih | Kanun, Engin
While the maritime transportation sector plays a critical role in the global economy, it also significantly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. This study examines the energy efficiency, technical feasibility, and environmental impacts of ammonia as an alternative fuel in maritime transportation. The contributions of regulatory initiatives, such as the IMO's Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI) and the EU's FuelEU Maritime initiative, in promoting the use of low-carbon fuels to reduce emissions are discussed. The study evaluates the chemical and physical properties of ammonia, challenges associated with its combustion and production processes, with a focus on integrating renewable energy sources for green ammonia production. Findings suggest that ammonia's low r...
FREIGHT TRANSPORT MODE CHOICE WITH STATED PREFERENCE METHOD: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Gök, Gökçe Tuğdemir
Modeling transport choice is one of the most important components of transportation analysis since it determines the parties to be involved, the resources to be used and the impact made on the environment. Many different techniques have been used to analyze choice modelling. As a principle, all choice modelling techniques suppose that goods/services can be defined in terms of their characteristics or attributes and the levels. In the stated preference methods, decision makers evaluate and decide on the multi-attribute and mutually exclusive alternatives they prefer. The aim of this study is to analyze the studies that use the stated preference method in transport mode choice in terms of transportation modes, study area, decision-makers, decision variables and general findings. The research...