Exploring Research Trends on Climate Change: Insights into Port Resilience and Sustainability

TÜRKİSTANLI TAHA TALİP | ÖZİSPA NERGİS | TUĞDEMİR KÖK GÖKÇE | ÖZDEMİR ÜNAL | PEHLİVAN DAVUT

Ports play a critical role in global trade, yet they are both contributors to and recipients of climate change. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis to examine the relationship between climate change and port operations, identifying key themes, methodological approaches, and research gaps within the literature, including the need for standardized vulnerability assessments, policy-driven adaptation strategies, and a more integrated, cross-regional approach to port resilience. A bibliometric analysis was performed using peer-reviewed journal articles indexed in the Web of Science. The study employed keyword-based searches, document screening, and bibliometric techniques such as publication trends, keyword co-occurrence analysis, citation impact evaluation, and research clustering. Stu...

Exploring the Role of Mission and Vision Statements in Maritime Transport: A Focus on Liner Shipping Companies

TUĞDEMİR KÖK GÖKÇE | TÜRKİSTANLI TAHA TALİP

This study examines the strategic management of mission and vision statements of the top 100 liner shipping companies. By analyzing the content and components of these statements, this study assesses their effectiveness in guiding organizational behavior and aligning stakeholder expectations. Content analysis reveals that while self-concept and philosophy are emphasized, critical aspects like customer orientation and employee concerns are underrepresented. Vision statements prioritize clarity and stability but often lack the motivation required to motivate stakeholders. The findings suggest the need for a more balanced approach when crafting statements. This study offers recommendations for improving strategic communication practices in maritime companies, highlighting the importance ...

Performance investigation and emission analysis of a diesel engine operated on hydrogen and ammonia

Okumuş, Fatih

This study investigates binary-fuel operation of a single-cylinder diesel engine using hydrogen and ammonia as secondary fuels through comprehensive CFD simulations. The effects of injector hole diameter, injection timing, and injection duration on combustion, performance, and emissions were systematically analyzed under both full- and partial-load conditions. Parametric analyses further revealed that variations in nozzle diameter and injection duration exerted a stronger influence on indicated power and efficiency than intake air conditions. The results indicate that injector geometry strongly influences combustion dynamics. At full load, indicated power averaged 6.0 kW, with the highest value of 6.5 kW obtained in ammonia–diesel operation at the smallest nozzle diameter. At partial load,...

Scrutinizing the barriers that impede industry 4.0 projects: a country-wide analysis for Turkey

Özispa, Nergis | Kök, Gökçe Tuğdemir

The concept of Industry 4.0 has recently attracted attention from academics, research institutions, and companies. In order for projects to achieve success in Industry 4.0, project specifications must be known and they must be conducted with utmost care. While Industry 4.0 projects ensure lots of advantages, they encounter many risks such as data integration, process flexibility, and security problems. Identification of barriers to Industry 4.0 is important for the success of the projects. The aim of the chapter is to determine the Industry 4.0 barriers in implementation process in Turkey's conditions investigate the interrelations among them and develop a model that can measure the interacting effects of the barriers on the other barriers in the Industry 4.0 implementation process. T...

Analysing occupational injuries onboard in Türkiye: human factors and under-reporting issues

Türkistanlı, Taha Talip | Pehlivan, Davut

Background: Maritime transportation remains one of the most hazardous industries globally, with work-related incidents posing significant risks. Material and Method: This research investigates onboard occupational injuries in the Turkish maritime sector, focusing on cases between 2013 and 2024. The study analyzes onboard injuries using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System and Multiple Correspondence Analysis. Results: The study reveals that human error, inadequate supervision and insufficient organisational processes are primary contributors, particularly in dry bulk vessel operations. A lack of adequate rescue operations is noted, leading to high fatality rates. Furthermore, the analysis identifies a significant issue of under-reporting, especially in less severe eve...

A hybrid MCDM approach for optimizing fuel consumption and mitigating air pollution in shipping: A case study using DEMATEL and ANP

Fuel consumption represents a pivotal factor in determining operational costs within maritime transportation, with direct implications for energy efficiency, environmental sustainability, and air pollution. This study aims to identify and evaluate the key determinants influencing fuel consumption, with the objective of optimizing these factors to enhance overall energy efficiency. A Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methodology was employed to systematically rank and prioritize the most significant criteria impacting fuel efficiency. The findings of the study indicate that compliance with sea conditions, optimal ship speed and the expertise of shipmasters (C3.2) are the most influential factors, followed by voyage planning that accounts for sea and weather conditions (C3.7). Thes...

Exploring Research Trends on Climate Change: Insights into Port Resilience and Sustainability

Ports play a critical role in global trade, yet they are both contributors to and recipients of climate change. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis to examine the relationship between climate change and port operations, identifying key themes, methodological approaches, and research gaps within the literature, including the need for standardized vulnerability assessments, policy-driven adaptation strategies, and a more integrated, cross-regional approach to port resilience. A bibliometric analysis was performed using peer-reviewed journal articles indexed in the Web of Science. The study employed keyword-based searches, document screening, and bibliometric techniques such as publication trends, keyword co-occurrence analysis, citation impact evaluation, and research clustering. Stu...

Eco‐efficiency evaluation of diesel engines fueled with diesel–biodiesel–ammonia blends using data envelopment analysis

Okumuş, Fatih | Pehlivan, Davut

An experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the emission and performance characteristics of a single‐cylinder diesel engine fueled with various combinations of diesel, biodiesel, and ammonia. The test matrix covered 4 biodiesel levels (0%, 20%, 40%, and 100%) and 4 ammonia energy fractions (0%, 20%, 40%, and 60%) across three engine loads (50%, 75%, and 100%), ensuring a comprehensive exploration of dual, and triple‐fuel strategies. A total of 48 distinct fuel scenarios were tested under controlled conditions. The relative efficiency of each configuration was assessed using input‐oriented Constant Returns to Scale Data Envelopment Analysis (CCR‐DEA), where engine efficiency was treated as the desirable output, and CO, CO2, HC, and NOx emissions were considered undesirable outpu...

A REVIEW OF AMMONIA AS A SUSTAINABLE FUEL FOR MARITIME TRANSPORTATION

Okumuş, Fatih | Kanun, Engin

While the maritime transportation sector plays a critical role in the global economy, it also significantly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. This study examines the energy efficiency, technical feasibility, and environmental impacts of ammonia as an alternative fuel in maritime transportation. The contributions of regulatory initiatives, such as the IMO's Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI) and the EU's FuelEU Maritime initiative, in promoting the use of low-carbon fuels to reduce emissions are discussed. The study evaluates the chemical and physical properties of ammonia, challenges associated with its combustion and production processes, with a focus on integrating renewable energy sources for green ammonia production. Findings suggest that ammonia's low r...

FREIGHT TRANSPORT MODE CHOICE WITH STATED PREFERENCE METHOD: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Gök, Gökçe Tuğdemir

Modeling transport choice is one of the most important components of transportation analysis since it determines the parties to be involved, the resources to be used and the impact made on the environment. Many different techniques have been used to analyze choice modelling. As a principle, all choice modelling techniques suppose that goods/services can be defined in terms of their characteristics or attributes and the levels. In the stated preference methods, decision makers evaluate and decide on the multi-attribute and mutually exclusive alternatives they prefer. The aim of this study is to analyze the studies that use the stated preference method in transport mode choice in terms of transportation modes, study area, decision-makers, decision variables and general findings. The research...

The effects of ammonia addition on the emission and performance characteristics of a diesel engine with variable compression ratio and injection timing

Okumuş, Fatih

Ammonia, future of the carbonless marine fuel, presents significant potential in achieving zero-emission targets within maritime transportation. In this context, this study explores the use of an ammonia/diesel fuel mixture in a diesel engine, employing both experimental and numerical methods. We focus on the impact of injection timing and compression ratio to optimize the engine while using ammonia/diesel mixture in terms of both engine performance and exhaust emissions. The results show a decrease in engine power with an increasing content of ammonia, reaching the lowest power of 4.53 kW at 60% ammonia content. On the other hand, the increase in compression ratio generally enhances engine power. Thermal efficiency shows an increase up to 40% ammonia content, followed by a decline. CO2 em...

Evaluating IMO 2030 strategies for environmental sustainability in maritime transportation using ANP method

Kök, Gökçe Tuğdemir

The maritime sector significantly contributes to global climate change by emitting pollutants and greenhouse gases (GHGs). In response to these challenges, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has implemented the 2030 Strategic Vision to promote environmental sustainability in the industry. This study employs the Analytic Network Process (ANP), a sophisticated multi-criteria decision-making instrument, to quantitatively assess and rank eight strategies outlined during the 81st session of the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC 81). The analysis indicates that Ballast Water Management (normalized weight: 0.269) is identified as the highest priority, succeeded by proposals concerning Ship Recycling (0.179) and Emission Control Areas (ECAs) (0.142). The study’s approach, su...

Yemler Bilgisi Yem Teknolojisi ve Balık Besleme

Bilgüven, Murat

Her havuz alanında ya da yetiştirme biriminden elde edilen balık ve dolayısıyla balık yetiştiriciliğinin kârlılığı, büyük ölçüde kullanılan yemin miktarına bağlıdır. Su ürünleri sistemi ne kadar yoğun olursa yemlemenin önemi o kadar fazla olur ve toplam üretim maliyetinde yem maliyetinin payı da o kadar artar. Bilindiği üzere alabalık başta olmak üzere bazı balıkların yetiştiriciliği için akarsu sistemli tesisler kullanılmakta yada sıcaklığın, su bileşiminin ve akıntının dolayısıyla oksijen yoğunluğunun daha iyi olduğu tatlı su ve kıyılarda ise yüzer ağ kafeslerde yetiştiricilik yapılmaktadır. Su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinin ileri durumda olduğu ülkelerde entansif yetiştiricilik uygulanmakta ve yetiştirme alanlarında birim hacimde maksimum ürün yetiştirilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Bu tür yetişti...

Role of antioxidant defense system and biochemical adaptation on stress tolerance of high mountain and steppe plants

Keleş, Yüksel

Eleven species were collected from Northwest Anatolian mountains (1500–2000 m) and 18 species were collected from the Central Anatolian steppes (850–1000 m) in June 1998 and 1999. In all the species investigated, the water and dry matter percentages and solute contents were measured. The chlorophyll, b-carotene, ascorbate and a-tocopherol contents and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) andglutathione reductase (GR)enzymeactivities oftheplants werealsodetermined.Thesteppeplantshadlowerwatercontentcomparedwith alpine plants. The chlorophyll contents of the plants investigated did not change with altitude. However, the carotenoid/chlorophyll ratio of alpine plants was found to be significantly higher. The antioxidant/chlorophyll ratio of the trees and shrubs was higher than that of he...