Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic compounds that are formed as a result of insufficientcombustion of organic compounds and cause pollution in the environment. While its natural resources arevolcanicactivities, forest fires, organic matter decomposition, its anthropogenic resources are fossil fuels andpetroleumderivatives. Aquatic ecosystems constitute the final discharge points of PAHs that mix with the atmosphereandsoil.The transmission of PAHs accumulated in aquatic organisms to the upper trophic zones through the foodchainistransmitted to humans by the consumption of seafood. It is known that there are more than a hundredPAHcompounds in the environment, but 16 of them are considered as priority pollutants due to their carcinogeniceffects.The Mediterranean is highly vulnerable to these pollutants as it is a sea that is heavily influenced byindustrialandagricultural activities and has a limited connection with the ocean. It has been determined that the bioaccumulationof 16 carcinogenic PAH species in some consumable fish and invertebrate species in the Mediterraneanposesapotential threat and the importance of risk assessments for human health has been emphasized. Inthis study, thegeneral characteristics, sources, participation in aquatic ecosystems, accumulation and toxic effects of PAHsandtheir accumulation in consumable species living in the Mediterranean are presented.