Confusion and diffusion features are two fundamental needs of encoded text or images.
These features have been used in various encryption algorithms such as Advanced
Encryption Standard (AES) and Data Encryption Standard (DES). The AES adopts the S-
box table formed with irreducible polynomials, while the DES employs the Feistel and S-
box structures. This study proposes a new encryption algorithm based on Fibonacci
polynomials and matrices, which meets the fundamental needs of image encryption and
provides an alternative to other encryption algorithms. The success of the proposed method
was tested on three different images, as evidenced by the histogram analysis results of the
sample images, together with the number of changing pixel rate (NPCR) and the unified
averaged changed intensity (UACI). In addition, the root mean squared error (RMSE)
suggests that the decoded images are consistent with the original images. It can therefore be
summarized that the proposed encryption algorithm is suitable for image encryption.