Ferbal Özkan Yılmaz
SU ÜRÜNLERİ FAKÜLTESİ SU ÜRÜNLERİ TEMEL BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ BALIKÇILIK TEMEL BİLİMLERİ ANABİLİM DALI
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E-Postaferbalozkan@mersin.edu.tr
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ÜnvanProf.Dr.
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YÖK Araştırmacı No13542
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INVESTIGATION OF SOME BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FRESHWATER PERCH (PERCA FLUVIATILIS L.,1758) LIVING IN YAMULA DAM LAKE (KAYSERİ)
Hunt, Arzu Özlüer | Yılmaz, Ferbal Özkan
Bu araştırmada, Yamula Baraj Gölü (Kayseri)’nde yaşayan Perca fluviatilis popülasyonunun bazı biyolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma Ekim 2022-Temmuz 2023 tarihlerinde her mevsimi temsil eden aylarda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen 96 adet P. fluviatilis’in boy, ağırlık ve gonad ağırlığı gibi metrik ölçümlerine, eşey tayinlerine, GSİ (Gonadosomatik İndeks), VSİ (Viserosomatik İndeks) ve HSİ (Hepatosomatik İndeks) değerleri ve Kondüsyon faktörlerine (KF) bakılmıştır. Elde edilen örneklerden 59’u dişi, 32’si erkek ve 5 bireyin eşeyi belirlenememiştir. Balıkların yaşı 3-8 yaş arasında tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca Yamula Baraj Gölü’nde mevsime bağlı su kalite parametrelerinden Sıcaklık (°C), Çözünmüş oksijen (mg/L), pH, Sertlik (CaCO3, mg/L), Nitrit (NO2 mg/L), Nitrat (NO3 mg/L), Sülfat (SO4), Klorofil a (μg/L), Elektriksel iletkenlik (μS/cm), toplam azot (mg/L) ve toplam fosfor (mg/L) değerleri incelenmiştir. Yamula Baraj Gölü’nde saptanan dişi ve erkek oranı 1;0,84 olarak belirlenmiştir. P. fluviatilis’in mevsimsel ağırlık değişimleri sonbahar ve kış ayında, İlkbahar ve yaz ayından daha düşük çıkmış ve istatistiksel olarak farklı bulunmuştur (P0,05). Erkeklerde yaz ve sonbahar mevsimi VSİ değerleri açısından biraz yüksek bulunmuş ve fark istatisti...
Mersin İli Taşucu Limanı’ndan Örneklenen Sintine SularınınKirlilik Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
YILMAZ, FERBAL ÖZKAN | HUNT, ARZU ÖZLÜER
Deniz yolu ile yapılan taşımacılığın artması sonucu, gemilerin oluşturduğu deniz kirliliği problemi, son yıllarda oldukça önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, gemi sintine sularının deniz kirliliği yönünden değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Mersin Taşucu Limanı’nda bulunan iki farklı gemiye ait sintine suyu örnekleri alınarak pH, renk, toplam azot, toplam fosfor, askıda katı madde (AKM), hidrokarbon yağ indeksi (HYİ), kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (KOİ), biyolojik oksijen ihtiyacı (BOİ), yüzey aktif madde analizleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, Su Kirliliği Kontrol Yönetmeliği’nde belirtilen değerler ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Gemi 1 ve Gemi 2 ‘den alınan Sintine suyu örneklerinin analiz değerleri sırasıyla AKM 472 mg/L-1812 mg/L; HYİ 110,6-138,8 mg/L; KOİ 8870,4-17369,6 mg/L; BOİ 1606,4 -3881,1 mg/L olarak belirlenmiştir. Su Kirliliği Kontrol Yönetmeliği’nin derin deşarj sınır değerlerine göre AKM 350 mg/L, yağ-gres 15 mg/L, KOİ 400 mg/L ve BOİ 250 mg/L’dir. Bu çalışmada elde edilen değerlerin, istenilen sınırlardan fazla olduğu ve sintine suların doğrudan denize boşaltılmaması gerektiği belirlenmiştir. The problem of marine pollution caused by ships has become very important in recent years as a result of the increase in maritime transportation. This study aimed to evaluate ship b...
The protective role of ferulic acid against imidacloprid-induced oxidative stress in liver and brain of Cyprinus carpio
YILMAZ, FERBAL ÖZKAN | HUNT, ARZU ÖZLÜER
This study evaluated the potential protective effect of ferulic acid (FA) on stress induced by imidacloprid (IM) in Cyprinus carpio (mean weight 60.10±2.22 g). Therefore, C. carpio was exposed to sublethal IM concentration (2.80 mg/L) for 10 days. During the experimental period, fish were fed a basal (control) diet and a basal diet supplemented with 5 g/kg of ferulic acid. The fish were divided into four groups (n = 6 in each group). The control group was exposed to tap water (the absence of imidacloprid) fed with control diet. The FA group was exposed to tap water (the absence of IM) and was fed with FA supplemented diet. The liver and brain tissues of both control and treated fish were dissected. Tissues samples were obtained from an individual fish and prepared for analysis. The variations in catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) with protein carbonyl (PCO) in liver and brain tissues of C. carpio were investigated in experimental groups. CAT activities were significantly increased whereas SOD activities were decreased in liver and brain tissues of treated fish by exposure to imidacloprid. Tissue MDA and PCO levels in the IM supplemented experimental groups were increased compared to the control. At the end of the experiment...
Biochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Alburnus tarichi Roe Protein Hydrolysate
YILMAZ, FERBAL ÖZKAN | HUNT, ARZU ÖZLÜER | YALIN, SERAP
The protein hydrolysates with antioxidant and antimicrobial potential have become a theme of great interest for pharmaceutical, nutraceuticals, as well as food processing and preservation industries. On the other hand, chemical composition of fish protein hydrolysates is significant in nutrition perspective of human health. Hence, in the present study proximate and amino acid compositions, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Alburnus tarichi roe protein hydrolysate was estimated. Protein, lipid, moisture, and ash content were found to be 87.24±0.1, 0.72±0.04, 8.79±0.3, and 7.01±0.09%, respectively. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, leucine and alanine were found to be the most dominant amino acids, whereas, cysteine was found to be the lowest amino acid in roe protein hydrolysate. The IC50 value of roe protein hydrolysate for DPPH radical and hydroxyl-radical scavenging activities were 54.33 μg/mL and 77.02 μg/mL, respectively. The reducing power of A. tarichi roe protein hydrolysate was analyzed, the optical density values of roe protein hydrolysate and gallic acid at 700 nm were 0.45±0.03 and 1.14±0.09, respectively. Roe protein hydrolysate had shown maximum zone of inhibition against Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.1±0.30 mm) followed by Salmonella enterica (10.7±0.46 ...
Prophylactic efect of myricetin and apigenin against lipopolysaccharide‑induced acute liver injury
KARAYAKAR, FAHRİ | YILMAZ, FERBAL ÖZKAN | HUNT, ARZU ÖZLÜER
Background: Liver has an important role in the initiation and progression of multiple organ failure that occurs in sepsis. Many natural active substances can be used to reduce the liver injury caused by sepsis. For this aim, the efects of myricetin and apigenin on mice model of acute liver injury was evaluated in this study. Methods and results: Thirty-six mice were randomly divided into six groups as; control, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (5 mg/kg), LPS+myricetin (100 mg/kg), LPS+myricetin (200 mg/kg), LPS+apigenin (100 mg/kg), and LPS+apigenin (200 mg/kg) groups. Myricetin and apigenin were administered orally for 7 days, and LPS was administered intraperitoneally only on the 7th day of the study. 24 h after LPS application, all animals were sacrifced and serum biochemical parameters, histopathology and oxidative stress and infammation markers of liver tissue were examined. Myricetin and apigenin pre-treatments increased serum albumin and total protein levels, liver GSH level and catalase and SOD activities and decreased serum ALT, AST, ALP, γ-GT, CRP, total and direct bilirubin levels, liver MPO activity, MDA, NOx, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels, iNOS and COX-2 mRNA levels, phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, IκB, and IKK proteins but not p38, ERK, and JNK proteins in LPS-treate...
Roe protein hydrolysate of Alburnus tarichi induces apoptosis in breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells through a caspase-dependent pathway
YILMAZ, FERBAL ÖZKAN | HUNT, ARZU ÖZLÜER
The protein hydrolysates of fishes have been reported to be a potential source of many health benefits components for pharmaceutical or nutritional applications. The aim of this study is to examine the possible antiproliferative function of roe protein hydrolysates of Alburnus tarichi using enzymatic hydrolysis against breast cancer cells and explore its detailed mechanisms. In addition, we evaluated the effects of protein hydrolysate on the proliferation and apoptosis of two human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). The cultured cells were treated with protein hydrolysate at concentrations of 0−5 μg/ml for 24 h and 48 h. Inhibition of cell proliferation, percentage of apoptotic cells, cell cycle distribution, morphological changes, DNA fragmentation, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and apoptotic protein levels were also examined. Decreases in proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were observed after treatment with the protein hydrolysate in a dose-dependent manner. Distinct morphological changes, a typical pattern of fragmented DNA, and increased intracellular ROS production and apoptotic protein levels were observed in both cell lines after hydrolysate treatment (p < 0.05). The results suggested that the protein hydrolysate inhibits t...
Influence of Sublethal Chlorpyrifos Exposure on Oxıdative Stress and Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
YILMAZ, FERBAL ÖZKAN | HUNT, ARZU ÖZLÜER | YALIN, SERAP
The commonly used pesticides in agriculture cause enzyme inactivation and DNA damage via reacting with macromolecules and may also initiate peroxidation of poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) by generating of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), as a consequence they can lead to the oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to determine the oxidative and neurotoxic potential of sublethal chlorpyrifos in the brain tissue of Cyprinus carpio (C. carpio) for a period of 96 and 240 hours, respectively. Therefore, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), protein carbonyl, and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were investigated in order to determine the neurotoxic effect in brain tissue of C. carpio exposed to chlorpyrifos. Administration of chlorpyrifos at 0.26 and 0.52 mg/L concentrations caused a significant increase in MDA levels at the 240th hour (p
Protective Effect of Humic Substances Against Oxidative Stress Caused by Lead in Liver of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
YILMAZ, FERBAL ÖZKAN | HUNT, ARZU ÖZLÜER | YALIN, SERAP
In this study, the protective effect of humic substance in the fish feed was investigated against the effects of subletal lead (Pb) concentration on the antioxidant enzyme system in Oreochromis niloticus. For this purpose, the fish which were affected by 1.5 mg/L lead nitrate Pb(NO3)2 medium concentration were fed with feed containing 0.2% of humic substance. Liver samples were taken at 4th and 10th days in this study, which included control group, humic substance (HM), Pb, and Pb + HM groups. The enzyme activity of liver tissue catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) of O. niloticus and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation, increased significantly at 4th and 10th days in the group with subletal lead concentration compared with the control group. Compared with Pb and HM+Pb groups, it was determined that humic substance application decreased Pb toxicity on lipid peroxidation of liver tissue and did not cause a significant change in CAT and SOD activity. According to the results of the experiment, 0.2% humic substance added to the feed reduced toxicity of subletal Pb concentration on liver tissue lipid peroxidation.
Comparing the Effects of Feeding a Fish Oil- or a Cod Liver Oil -Based Diet on Growth, Feed Utilization and Muscle Fatty Acid Composition Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
HUNT, ARZU ÖZLÜER | Yılmaz, Ferbal Özkan
The present study was conducted to study the effect of fish oil (FO) and cod liver oil (CLO) as the dietary lipid sources on the growth performance, feed utilization and fatty acid (FA) composition of Oreochromis niloticus. Two isonitrogenous (38% crude protein), isocaloric (18.9 MJ GE/kg) diets containing 8% lipid were formulated. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of 17 fish with a mean initial body weight of 18.18 ± 0.02 g. Fish were fed with %3 of their body weight two twice daily. The fish were kept at 28±1 °C in 6 square experimental cages (1×1×1.25 m) for 60 days. Results revealed that the source of lipid significantly affect (P
Investigation of Glutathion S-Transferase, Adenosine deaminase, Paraoxonase Activities in Liver of Oncorhynchus mykiss Fed with Nucleotide-Yeast Supplemented Diet
YILMAZ, FERBAL ÖZKAN | HUNT, ARZU ÖZLÜER
In this study, it was evaluated Glutathione S transferase (GST), Adenosine deaminase (ADA), and paraoxonase (PON) activities in liver tissue of Oncorhynchus mykiss fed with nucleotide yeast base protein supplemented diet. Throughout the 60-day period the control group was fed a fish meal based basal diet, and three other groups were fed diets in which 20% (NP 20), 40% (NP 40) and 60% (NP 60) fish meal was substituted with nucleotide (Nu-Pro® (NP) yeast). At the end of experiment, liver tissue GST, PON and ADA activity was increased significantly (P
Effects of Fenbutatin Oxide on Antioxidant System of Different Tissues in Cyprinus Carpio (L., 1758)
YILMAZ, FERBAL ÖZKAN | HUNT, ARZU ÖZLÜER | YALIN, SERAP
In this study, effects of sublethal concentrations of fenbutatin oxide on catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and lipid peroxidation in muscle, liver, kidney and brain tissues of Cyprinus carpio were investigated. The 96-hours LC50 value for fenbutatin oxide was determined as 1.544 mg/L for C. carpio in this study. 0.15 mg/L (1/10 of LC50) and 0.30 mg/L (1/5 of LC50) sublethal concentrations were applied for 96 h (4 days) in this experiment. The CAT activities in tissues were increased relation to doses applied. The SOD activities were decreased by 0.30 mg/L. The tissue MDA levels were significantly increased in relation to dose applied.
Organik ve İnorganik Selenyum Katkılı Yemlerle Beslenen Oreochromis niloticus ‘da Antioksidan ve İmmün Sistem Parametrelerinin Araştırılması
HUNT, ARZU ÖZLÜER | YILMAZ, FERBAL ÖZKAN | DELİOĞLAN, ŞANSER
Bu çalışmada organik (Sel-Plex®-2000, Alltech, USA) ve inorganik selenyum (Na2SeO3.5H2O -Sodyum selenite pentahydrate-FLUCA) ilaveli yem ile beslenen Oreochromis niloticus’un karaciğer antioksidan enzim aktiviteleri ve immünsistem parametreleri araştırılmıştır. Ortalama ağırlıkları 12,62 ± 0,11 g olan balıklar, 5 farklı uygulama grubu (Kontrol; Org1,5; Org3,0; İnorg1,5; İnorg3,0) olacak şekilde akvaryumlara yerleştirilmiş ve 75 gün beslenmişlerdir. Deneme süresi sonunda karaciğer katalaz (CAT), süperoksit dismutaz (SDO), glutatyon peroksidaz (GSH-Px), lizozim (LYZ) ve miyeloperoksidaz (MPO) aktiviteleri ile malondialdehit (MDA) düzeyi ve kas selenyum seviyeleri belirlenmiştir. Karaciğer antioksidan enzim aktiviteleri ve immünsistem parametreleri Se gruplarında kontrol grubuna oranla artmıştır. Kas dokusu Se düzeyi Se ilaveli tüm gruplarda kontrol ile karşılaştırıldığında göre önemli oranda artmıştır. 3mg/kg organik selenyumla beslenen balıklarda, kas selenyum seviyeleri diğergruplara oranla daha yüksek bulunmuştur. In this study, antioxidant enzyme activities and immun system parameters of liver tissue of Oreochromis niloticusfed with organic (Sel-Plex®-2000, Alltech, USA) and inorganic selenium (Na2SeO3.5H2O -Sodium selenite pentahydrate-FLUCA) supplemented feed were investigate...
OrganikAsitler ve Su Ürünleri Yetiştiriciliğinde Kullanımı
YILMAZ, FERBAL ÖZKAN | HUNT, ARZU ÖZLÜER
Organik asitlerin su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinde, fonksiyonel yem katkı maddeleri olarak kullanılmasının öngörülebilir gelecekte belirgin bir şekilde artacağı düşünülmektedir. Dünya su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinin sürekli genişlemesi, büyük bir pazar potansiyeli oluşturmaktadır. Bununla birlikte küresel ısınmanın bir sonucu olarak, su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinde hastalık salgınlarında artma tehlikesi, önemli bir problem olarak ortaya çıkabilecektir. Birçok ülkede antibiyotik kullanımına ilişkin yasaklar veya kısıtlama uygulamaları bulunmaktadır. Su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinde, antibiyotiklere karşı uygulanabilir bir alternatif olarak organik asitlerin kullanımının uygunluğunu, yapılan çalışmalar ile ortaya konulmaktadır. Organik asitler, antimikrobiyal özelliklerinden dolayı zararlı bakterilerin çoğalmasını engelleyerek, hayvanların gastrointestinal sisteminde yararlı bakterilerin büyümesini teşvik ederek, hayvanların sağlığını iyileştirme özelliklerini göstermektedirler. Yapılan çalışmalar, organik asitlerin fonksiyonel yem katkı maddeleri olarak, su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği endüstrisinde sürdürülebilir bir sağlık yönetimi programının bir parçası olarak kullanılabilirliğini ortaya koymaktadır. The use of organic acids as functional food additives in aquaculture is expected to inc...
Effects of Dietary Nucleotide Yeast on Immune Responses and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Rainbow Trout Juveniles (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
HUNT, ARZU ÖZLÜER | YILMAZ, FERBAL ÖZKAN | ENGİN, KENAN | YALIN, SERAP
This study aimed at demonstrating the effects of dietary supplementation of nucleotide yeast base protein (Nu-Pro®) (NP) on the antioxidant enzyme activities and immune response in liver and blood tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish with an average initial weight of 27.75±0.26 g were randomly assigned to four groups with three replicates. Throughout the 60 day grow-out period the control group was fed a fish meal based basal diet, and three other groups were fed diets in which 20 (NP 20), 40 (NP 40) and 60 % (NP 60) fish meal was substituted with nucleotide (Nu-Pro® (NP) yeast). There were no significant changes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in liver among the experimental groups. A significant decrease (P
Su Ürünleri Yetiştiriciliğinde Prebiyotikler ve Önemi
HUNT, ARZU ÖZLÜER | YILMAZ, FERBAL ÖZKAN
Dünya yetiştiricilik sektörü son yıllarda hızla büyümektedir. Artan üretim miktarına bağlı olarak yetiştiricilik yöntemleri ve yetiştiricilik teknikleri de gelişmektedir. Yetiştiricilik de kullanılan metotların gelişmesiyle birlikte su kirliliği artmakta, balıklarda stres oluşmakta, yem kalitesi azalmakta ve su içerisinde bulunan bakteri, parazit ve virüslerin hastalık etkisi çoğalmakta ve büyümeyi baskılamaktadır. Bu yüzden son yıllarda balık sağlığını iyileştirmek amacıyla prebiyotik gibi alternatif maddelerin kullanımı yaygınlaşmaktadır. Prebiyotik madde, sindirilemeyen besin içerikleridir ve vücuda alındığında yararlı bazı bakterilerin kolon içerisinde gelişimini teşvik eder. Bu derlemede, bazı prebiyotiklerin potansiyel etkileri ve yetiştiricilik açısından önemi vurgulanmıştır. The world aquaculture industry shows a rapid increase in production recently. Depending on production methods, culture techniques and culture methods are also developing. With developing culture methods, decrease of water quality, increase of stress, decrease of food quality, increase bacterial, viral or parasite infections can suppress on growth. Lately the use of alternative materials such as prebiotics widespread to improve the health of the fish. A prebiotic is a non-digestible food ...
The Effects of Balanced Diets with Soy Bean Extract or Meat and Bone meal on Muscle and Liver Tissue Protein and Glycogen Levels of the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) Infected with Vibrio anguillarum
YILMAZ, FERBAL ÖZKAN | ENGİN, KENAN | HUNT, ARZU ÖZLÜER
This study investigated the effects of balanced diets with solvent extracted soy bean and meat and bone meal on the levels of protein and glycogen in muscle and liver tissues of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) infected with Vibrio anguillarum. Compared to the control diet (fishmeal only), diets with solvent extracted soy bean (SBM) and meat and bone meal (MBM) significantly lowered (P
Effects of dietary selenium of organic form against lead toxicity on the antioxidant system in Cyprinus carpio
YILMAZ, FERBAL ÖZKAN | HUNT, ARZU ÖZLÜER | YALIN, SERAP
In this study was evaluated potential protective effect of organic selenium (Se) on heavy metal stress induced by lead (Pb) in Cyprinus carpio. For this reason, C. carpio was exposed to sublethal concentration of Pb (1.5 mg/L Pb(NO3)2) for 14 days. The fish were fed a basal (control; measured 0.55 mg/kg Se) diet or a basal diet supplemented with 2.50 mg/kg (measured 2.92 mg/kg Se) organic Se (Sel-Plex®) during the experiment period. The variations in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, and levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) with malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver and brain tissues of C. carpio were investigated in experimental groups. GSH levels in liver and brain tissues were significantly decreased by exposure to Pb. GST activity was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in liver tissue, but decreased in brain of treated fish by exposure to Pb. Also, GSH-Px activity was significantly increased in liver tissue, but decreased in brain of Pb-treated fish. Levels of MDA were increased in liver and brain of Pb-treated fish. The organic Se treatment for Pb-intoxicated animals improved activities of GSH-Px, GST and levels of MDA within normal limits. Supplemented Se could be able to improve Pb-induced oxidative stress by decreasing lipid peroxidation...
The effects of fish meal replacement by yeast based nucleotides on growth body composition and digestive enzyme activity in rainbow trout juveniles Oncorhynchus mykiss
HUNT, ARZU ÖZLÜER | YILMAZ, FERBAL ÖZKAN | ENGİN, KENAN | YALIN, SERAP | ŞAHİN, NEFİSE ÖZLEN
This 60 day study investigated the effects of organically certified nucleotide yeast-derived protein source (Nu-Pro®) on growth, feed efficiency, fillet proximate composition and digestive enzymes in rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss). Diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Three experimental diets wherein 20%, 40% and 60% of the fish meal content was replaced by Nu-Pro®, were compared to the control diet in which the crude protein content was anchovy fish meal and corn gluten meal. The rainbow trout (initial weight 27 g/fish) were fed twice daily in 200-l Aqaria. Live weight gain increase ranged from 125-195% in fish fed the experimental diets. Results indicated that up to 40% fish meal protein can be replaced by Nu-Pro® without compromising growth rates, feed efficiency or the fillet biochemical composition in the rainbow trout. The effect of the dietary Nu-Pro® supplementation on digestion was partly observed by assaying the activity of pepsin, intestinal amylase, trypsin and lipase. Apart from amylase activity, results indicated that dietary supplementation of nucleotides is beneficial and may also have differential effects upon digestive enzyme activities.
The protective role of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) against chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress in Oreochromis niloticus
YILMAZ, FERBAL ÖZKAN | HUNT, ARZU ÖZLÜER | YALIN SERAP
Ability of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) to attenuate oxidative damage was evaluated in liver and brain tissues of Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) experimentally exposed to sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos (CPF). O. niloticus was exposed to sublethal concentrations of CPF at 12 μg/L (CPF1) and 24 μg/L (CPF2) for 96 h. The fish of vitamin C (Vit C) and CPF2 + Vit C groups were fed with Vit C supplemented diet (200 mg Vit C/100 g feed). A significant increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) level (P < 0.05) was observed in brain of CPF-exposed fish although liver TBARS level was not changed compared to control group. This result showed that lipid peroxidation (LPO) was elevated in brain of fish exposed to CPF. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in liver and brain tissues was significantly elevated (P < 0.05) by exposure to CPF1 and CPF2. Catalase (CAT) activity was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in liver but decreased in brain of treated fish by CPF2 concentration. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was decreased in liver, but increased in brain by exposure to CPF1 and CPF2 concentrations. Levels of TBARS were increased in brain of CPF-treated animals, but tended to decrease by the effect of Vit C. Vit C treatment for CPF-intoxicated animals n...
The effects of freshwater rearing on the whole body and muscle tissue fatty acid profile of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
HUNT, ARZU ÖZLÜER | YILMAZ, FERBAL ÖZKAN | ENGİN, KENAN
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of freshwater rearing on the fatty acid profiles of the whole body and muscle tissue of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Half of initial fish were gradually acclimated to freshwater (FW) kept at the same temperature to salt water and grown in same conditions as their counterparts in saltwater (SW). The decrease in salinity caused an increase in the percentages of 18:1n − 9, 24:1n − 9, 18:3n − 3, 18:2n − 6 and decrease in the percentages of 14:0, 15:0, 20:0, 21:0, 20:5n − 3 and 22:6n − 3 both in the whole body and in the muscle tissue fatty acid profiles. The lipids of FW-reared fish contained significantly (P < 0.01) higher percentages of 18:2n − 6 and 18:3n − 6 than that of SW-reared fish. However, percentages of 20:5n − 3 and 22:6n − 3 fatty acids decreased significantly (P < 0.05) compared with those of salt water-reared European sea bass. There was a clear trend of decrement in the percentages of n − 3 PUFA fatty acids due to the decrease in water salinity. However, the percentages of n − 6 PUFA fatty acids were also increased with the decrease in water salinity. We concluded that the FW acclimation is followed by changes in certain lipid classes of sea bass muscle tissue and whole body samples. n − 3/n − 6 ...
Induction of micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities in peripheral erythrocytes of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, following exposure to sublethal cadmium doses
YILMAZ, FERBAL ÖZKAN | HUNT, ARZU ÖZLÜER
The genotoxic effects of sublethal doses of cadmium in peripheral erythrocytes of Oreochromis niloticus was investigated using micronucleus (MN) and nuclear abnormalities (NAs) tests. For this reason, the fish were exposed to medium changes of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L doses of cadmium (Cd) during an average treatment period of 10 days. On the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 10th days of the test period, the erythrocytes, including the micronuclei (MN) and other nuclear abnormalities such as lobbed nuclei (LB), blebbed nuclei (BL), and notched nuclei (NT), were counted and pointed out. As a positive control, a 4 mg/L dose of cyclophosphamide was used. Exposure to doses of cadmium caused significantly increased (P < 0.05) micronuclei in peripheral erythrocytes of fish. It was also observed that the application of a 1.0 mg/L dose of Cd produced more of an effect on MN frequencies than the application of a 0.5 mg/L dose. The maximum frequencies of MN were recorded on the fourth day of the experiment period. Exposure to doses of cadmium caused significantly increased (P < 0.05) NA (LB, BL, and NT) frequencies and, as with the MN results, the 1.0 mg/L dose of Cd had more of an effect than the 0.5 mg/L dose on NA frequencies. The maximum frequencies of NAs were recorded on the fourth day of the experiment. ...
Effect of Mannan Oligosaccharide on Growth Body Composition and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity of Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
HUNT, ARZU ÖZLÜER | YILMAZ, FERBAL ÖZKAN | YALIN, SERAP
The effects of three inclusion levels of mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) derived from the outer cell wall of a select strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Bio-Mos, Alltech Inc, USA) on growth, feed utilization, body composition, and antioxidant enzyme activity of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were determined. Specimens (12 g) were fed a commercial diet supplemented with 0‰, 2.5‰, 3.5‰, or 4.5‰ dietary MOS for 60 days. Food conversion rates (FCR), specific growth rates (SGR), and the biochemical composition of muscle tissue were determined. Growth was greatest, protein was highest, and lipid was lowest in fish fed the 2.5‰ MOS diet. The FCR was significantly better in all MOS-treated groups than in the unsupplemented control. At the end of the study, antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in liver and muscle tissue was generally higher in the supplemented diets than in the control and significantly higher in the 4.5‰ treatment. Oxidative damage due to lipid peroxidation (LPO) was assessed by formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC), both of which were significantly lower in liver tissue in all MOS-supplemented diets than in the control.
Effects of Organic Selenium on Growth, Muscle Composition, and Antioxidant System in Rainbow Trout
HUNT, ARZU ÖZLÜER | YILMAZ, FERBAL ÖZKAN | YALIN, SERAP
This experiment was conducted to understand the effects of organic selenium on rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Fish (33.47±0.15 g; n = 216) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups consisting of three replicates of 18 fish each in 100 x 100 x 125 cm cages. The fish were fed a basal diet supplemented with 2, 3, or 4 mg/kg organic Se (Sel-Plex®) supplementation for 8 weeks. Muscle of fish fed the unsupplemented control diet had a lower (p
Apparent Nutrient Digestibility of Balanced Diets with Soy Bean Extract or Meat and Bone Meal in the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) Infected with Vibrio anguillarum
ENGİN, KENAN | YILMAZ, FERBAL ÖZKAN
Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L., infected with Vibrio anguillarum or not infected were fed balanced diets containing vegetal (solvent extracted soy bean meal (SBM)) or animal (meat and bone meal (MBM)) protein sources in order to demonstrate the apparent nutrient and energy digestibility. Regardless of protein sources in the diets, feed intake was lower in the infected group. Apparent nutrient (AD_{DM} and AD_{CP}) and energy digestibility (AD_{kJ}) values of Nile tilapia fed the SBM diet were significantly better (P < 0.05) than those fed the CONT and MBM diets and changed little between the measurement days in both groups (non-infected and infected). Although no visible symptoms associated with vibriosis were evident on either the skin or internal organs, the significantly lower (P < 0.05) AD_{DM}, AD_{CP}, and AD_{kJ} values obtained between day 1 and 10 (specifically on days 3 and 10) in the infected group fed the CONT and MBM diets might have implicated the pathogenicity of the bacteria. Further research concentrating on higher amounts of solvent extracted soy bean and meat and bone meal, different environmental conditions and doses of infection with V. anguillarum and immune response parameters including physiological and cellular stress responses is needed in order ...
FMC ve malaşit yeşili sağaltım dozlarının Oreochromis niloticus (L., 1758)' un bazı kan parametrelerinde meydana getirdiği değişimler
DÖNMEZ, AHMET ERDEM | YILMAZ, FERBAL ÖZKAN | KOYUNCU, ERKİN
Bu araştırma, Nil Tilapyası (Oreochromis niloticus, L., 1758)’nda FMC (formalin, malaşit yeşili ve metilen mavisi karışımı) ve malaşit yeşili’nin oluşturduğu sekonder stres gelişimine ilişkin bazı kan parametrelerinde oluşan değişimler gözlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu kimyasal maddeler, özellikle tatlısu balıkları yetiştiriciliğinde, sıklıkla profilaktik ve dezenfektan olarak yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadırlar. FMC ve malaşit yeşili, 1 mg/lt konsantrasyonunda hazırlanmış ve balıklar bu konsantrasyonlara 10 ve 60’ar dakikalık sürelerle daldırılmışlardır. Uygulama sürelerini takiben serumda glikoz, kortizol, laktat, kalsiyum, fosfor, magnezyum, sodyum, potasyum, klor ve hematokrit değerleri değerlendirilmiştir. Nil tilapya’sında FMC etkisinde serum fosfor, magnezyum, potasyum iyonları ile glikoz, kortizol, laktat düzeyleri, malaşit yeşili etkisinde ise serum glikoz ve kortizol düzeyleri kontrol grubuna göre artan süreye bağlı olarak yükselmiştir