Esra Cengiz Yanardağ Esra Cengiz Yanardağ DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ FAKÜLTESİ KLİNİK BİLİMLER BÖLÜMÜ RESTORATİF DİŞ TEDAVİSİ ANABİLİM DALI Klinik Bilimler
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Micro-CT evaluation of marginal and internal adaptation of composite resins using different application techniques

Cengiz Yanardag, Esra | Piskin, Yuksel

This study aimed to compare the marginal and internal adaptation of two bulk-fill and one conventional composite resin placed with different techniques using micro-CT. Twenty-one extracted human third molars with standardized mesio-occlusal cavities (a bucco-lingual width of 3 mm, a mesio-distal width of 5 mm, and a depth of 4 mm) were randomly divided into three groups (n = 7): Group 1 was restored with SonicFill 2 using sonic activation and 4 mm single layer, Group 2 with Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill in a 4 mm single layer and Group 3 with Clearfil Majesty Posterior using a 2 mm incremental technique. All restorations underwent 5,000 thermal cycles before micro-CT scanning. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (p < 0.05). The SonicFill 2 group showed a significantly greater marginal gap volume than the Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill group (p = 0.023), while no significant differences were found among the Clearfil Majesty Posterior group and the others (p > 0.05). No significant differences were observed among the groups in terms of internal void volume (p = 0.101). These findings suggest that variations in marginal adaptation among different composite resins may be attributed to differences in their material composition and placement techniques which have a li...

The effect of hydrogen peroxide and subsequent resveratrol application to CAD-CAM blocks on the cell viability of fibroblasts

Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

The aim is to assess viability of fibroblasts exposed to 2 CAD-CAM blocks and a nanohybrid resin after application of hydrogen peroxide (HP) and resveratrol with 2 extraction media at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Eighteen specimens were obtained from Lava Ultimate (LU), Vita Enamic (VE), and Grandio (GR). Specimens of each material were divided into 3 groups (material only, bleached, resveratrol applied) for 2 extraction media as artificial saliva (AS) and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) (n = 3). For bleached group, 40% HP was applied to specimens for 20 min twice. For resveratrol group, 0.5 µM resveratrol was applied after bleaching for 10 min. Mouse fibroblast cells were exposed to extracts of each group. The viability of cells was determined with MTT assay at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Cell viability data (%) were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey test. Bleached materials showed the lowest cell viability (PBS; p < 0.01/ AS; p < 0.001). There is no statistically significant difference between resveratrol applied and bleached groups (PBS; p = 0.14/ AS; p = 0.072). Regardless of period of time and procedure, GR showed lower viable cell numbers than LU and VE (p < 0.001). Viable cell numbers were higher at 24 h than at 72 h (p < 0.001). There was no statistically di...

The effect of resveratrol application on the micro-shear bond strength of adhesive to bleached enamel

Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

The aim is to investigate the effect of resveratrol on micro-shear bond strength (µSBS) of adhesive to enamel after 40% hydrogen peroxide application. For µSBS test, 50 teeth were obtained, 2/3 of crowns were embedded into acrylic resin. After application of hydrogen peroxide twice, teeth were randomly allocated to control group and 9 groups (n = 15) according to concentrations (0.5, 1, 2 µM) and application periods (10, 30, 60 min) of resveratrol. Following, composite resin was placed onto enamel surfaces using 3 tygon tubes for each tooth. µSBS test was performed and failure modes were displayed. To analyze µSBS values, Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed. µSBS values of 1 µM resveratrol for 10 min applied group were statistically higher than control group (p < 0.05). 1 µM resveratrol showed higher µSBS values than 0.5 µM and 2 µM (p < 0.05). No significant difference was detected between application periods (p > 0.05). The improvement of µSBS values with 1 µM resveratrol application may be promising for clinical problems related to reduced bond strength after bleaching.

Enerji İçeceklerinin Nanohibrit ve Mikro-hibrit Rezin Kompozitlerin Renk Değişimi ve Yüzey Pürüzlülüğü Üzerindeki Etkileri
Effects of Energy Drinks on Color Stability and Surface Roughness of Nanohybrid and Micro-hybrid Resin Composites

YILDIZ, Gökçe | ERTÜRK AVUNDUK, Ayşe Tuğba | ATILAN YAVUZ, Sevim | Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı enerji içeceklerinin nano-hibrit ve mikro-hibrit rezin kompozitlerin renk değişimi ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmektir. Materyal Ve Metot: Her bir rezin kompozit [G-ænial Posterior (mikro-hibrit) ve Clearfil Majesty Esthetic (nano-hibrit)] için otuz numune hazırlandı. Örnekler 24 saat boyunca 37°C'de distile su içinde post-polimerize edildi. Başlangıç renk ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü (Ra) ölçümlerinin ardından, örnekler test edilen solüsyonlara göre rastgele üç gruba (n=10/grup) ayrıldı: Distile su (kontrol), Red Bull ve Burn. Numuneler 1 hafta boyunca enerji içeceği çözeltilerine daldırılmıştır. ΔE00 değerleri test prosedüründen önce ve sonra CIEDE2000 formülü kullanılarak bir spektrofotometre ile hesaplandı. Yüzey pürüzlülüğü ölçümleri tekrarlandı. İki yönlü varyans analizi ve Tukey'in post-hoc testi yapıldı ve p0.05). Her iki rezin kompozitin renk değişimi AT eşiğinin (>1.8) ve PT eşiğinin (>0.8) üzerindeydi. En yüksek ΔE00 değerleri Red Bull ile muamele edilen numunelerde gözlenmiştir. Distile suda ΔE00 değerleri AT eşiğinin altında kalmıştır (1.8) and PT threshold (>0.8). The highest ΔE00 values were observed in specimens treated with Red Bull. In distilled water, the ΔE00 values were below the AT threshold (

Investigation of Various Finishing/Polishing Procedures on Color Stability of Composite Resins

Atılan Yavuz, Sevim | Ergel, Duygu | Ertürk Avunduk, Ayşe Tuğba | Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

Aim e objective of this study was to assess the impact of various nishing and polishing systems on the color stability of composite resins treated with co ee. Material and Method Fi y samples of each of nanohybrid and supra-nanohybrid composite resin materials were prepared and each material was randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10): Group 1: Control group (mylar strip), Group 2: One Gloss (one step), Group 3: One Gloss + polishing paste, Group 4: So ex disk (multistep), Group 5: So ex disk + polishing paste. e samples were colored in co ee solution for 144 hours to simulate six months of co ee consumption a er polishing. e color of the samples before-a er staining was measured with a spectrophotometer and ∆E00 values were calculated. Results Material, polishing type and the interaction of these two parameters had a statistical e ect on the color change values (p< 0.001). e ∆E00 values of supra-nanohybrid composite resin were higher than nanohybrid. Both materials exhibited color change above the thresholds of clinical perceptibility (PT> 0.8) and acceptability (AT> 1.8). In terms of polishing types, the highest ∆E00 was found in the control group and the lowest in the disk group. Th e additionally applied polishing paste caused a non-signifi cant decrease in the color c...

A comparative study of polishing systems on optical properties and surface roughness of additively manufactured and conventional resin based composites

ayşe tuğba ertürk avunduk | sevim atılan yavuz | hande filiz | Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

This study aimed to compare polishing systems on color stability, surface roughness, and gloss of additively manufactured permanent and conventional resin composites. Totally 250 disc specimens (6 mm*2 mm) were prepared from resin-based materials [G-ænial Posterior (GP), Clearfil Majesty Esthetic (CME), SonicFill-2 (SF), Tescera (Tes), and Crowntec (CT)]. Following baseline color (ΔE00), gloss (GU), and surface roughness (Ra) measurements, the specimens were randomly divided into 5 groups (n= 10/group) according to polishing systems: Control (mylar strips); OneGloss; OneGloss + Platina Hi-Gloss; OptiDisc; and OptiDisc + Platina Hi-Gloss. Specimens were immersed in coffee for 144 h following polishing. ΔE00, GU, and Ra measurements were repeated. Atomic force microscopy images were taken in all groups. Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient, Robust ANOVA, and Bonferroni correction were used for statistical analysis. Significance level was taken as p< 0.050. Significant differences in ΔE00 values were found among resin-based materials, polishing systems, and their interactions (p< 0.001,p< 0.01, and p= 0.001). Regardless of polishing system, the lowest ΔE00 values were observed in CT, while lowest gloss (GU) values were found in Tes. The lowest surface roughness (Ra) values were de...

Assessment of color change and surface roughness in composite resins and teeth subjected to remineralizing agents

YILDIZ, Gökçe | ERTÜRK AVUNDUK, Ayşe Tuğba | ATILAN YAVUZ, Sevim | Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the color change and surface roughness of a nanohybrid, a microhybrid, an indirect composite resin and human central incisor teeth after the application of fluoride varnish (FV) and casein phosphopeptide- amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP). Materials-Methods: Twenty-four specimens were fabricated from each composite material (Nova Compo C, Gradia Direct, Solidex and teeth) by using a teflon mold (7 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness). Initial (T0) color measurements were made on the non-reflective white surface of the composite resin materials (Nova Compo C, Gradia Direct, Solidex) and teeth with a spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade V) and initial surface roughness (Ra) values were measured with a mechanical contact profilometer (Mitutoyo Surftest SJ-410). Following baseline color and Ra measurements, each group was equally divided to 3 subgroups as control group, FV (Polimo %5 NaF) and CPP-ACP (GC Tooth Mousse) applied groups (n=8). A total of 72 composite specimens and 24 human teeth were used in the study. Fluoride varnish was applied according to manufacturer’s instructions and color and surface roughness measurements were repeated (T1) after the varnish was dried. CPP-ACP was applied to the specimens twice a day for ...

Farklı Polisaj Sistemlerinin Restoratif Materyallerin Renk Stabilitesi, Yüzey Pürüzlülüğü ve Parlaklığı Üzerine Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi

Hande Filiz | Ayşe Tuğba Ertürk Avunduk | Cengiz Yanardag, Esra | Sevim Atılan Yavuz

Amaç: Beş farklı polisaj sisteminin restoratif materyallerin renk stabilitesi, yüzey pürüzlülüğü ve parlaklığı üzerine etksinin karşılaştırılarak değerlendirilmesidir. Yöntem: Her bir rezin kompozitten [mikro-hibrid rezin kompozit (G-ænial Posterior), bulk-fill rezin kompozit (SonicFill-2), indirekt rezin kompozit (Tescera)] 30 örnek olmak üzere toplam 150 disk şeklinde (6 mm çapında ve 2 mm kalınlığında) örnek hazırlandı. Örnekler 24 saat boyunca 37°C'de distile su içinde bekletildi. Başlangıç renk, yüzey pürüzlülüğü (Ra) ve parlaklık ölçümlerinin ardından örnekler, polisaj sistemlerine göre rastgele 5 gruba (n=10) ayrıldı: kontrol (şeffaf bant), tek aşamalı polisajsistemi (One- Gloss, Shofu), tek aşamalı polisajsistemi + polisaj patı (Platina Hi-Gloss, Prevest Denpro), çok aşamalı polisaj sistemi (Optidisc, Kerr) ve çok aşamalı polisaj sistemi + polisaj patı. Tüm örnekler polisaj işlmelerinin ardından 37°C'deki bir inkübatörde 144 saat boyunca kahve (Nescafe Classics) solüsyonuna daldırıldı. ?E00 değerleri, CIEDE2000 formülü kullanılarak spektrofotometre (Vita EasyShade V) ile polisaj işleminden önce ve sonra hesaplandı.1 Yüzey pürüzlülüğü ve parlaklık ölçümleri polisaj işlemlerinden sonra tekrarlandı. Spearman'ın rho korelasyon katsayısı, normal dağ...

Farklı Bitim/polisaj Sistemlerinin Rezin Kompozitlerin Renklenmesi Üzerine Ekisinin Değerlendirilmesi

Ergel, Duygu | Atılan Yavuz | Ertürk Avunduk, Ayşe Tuğba | Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

AMAÇ: Bu çalışmanın amacı farklı bitim/polisaj sistemlerinin kahve ile renklendirilen kompozit rezinlerin renk stabilitesi üzerine olan etkilerinin değerlendirilmesidir. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Nanohibrit ve supra-nanohibrit kompozit rezin materyallerinin her birinden teflon kalıp kullanılarak 6 mm çapında 2 mm derinliğinde 50 adet numune hazırlandı. Her materyal rastgele 5 gruba (n=10) ayrıldı: [Grup 1: Kontrol grubu (şeffaf band), Grup 2: One Gloss, Grup 3: One Gloss + Polisaj patı, Grup 4: Soflex disk, Grup 5: Soflex disk+Polisaj patı]. Numuneler, cila sonrası altı aylık kahve tüketimini taklit etmek amacıyla 144 saat boyunca kahve çözeltisinde renklendirildi. Spektrofotometre cihazı ( Vita Easyshade V) ile renklendirme öncesi/sonrası numunelerin renk değişim (∆E00) değerleri hesaplandı. Klinik olarak algılanabilirlik eşik değeri 0.8; kabul edilebilirlik eşik değeri 1.8 olarak kabul edildi. İstatistiksel anlamlılık değeri p=0.05 olarak alındı. BULGULAR: Renk değişimi değerleri üzerine materyalin, polisaj türünün ve bu iki parametrenin etkileşimlerin istatistiksel olarak etkilediği görüldü (p0.8) ve kabul edilebilirlik (AT>1.8) eşik değerlerinin üzerinde renk değişimi sergiledi. Polisaj türleri bakımından, en yüksek ∆E00 kontol grubunda en düşük değer ise disk grubunda bul...

Effects of Staining Beverages and Office Bleaching Agents on the Optical Characteristics and Surface Topography of Maxillary Incisor Teeth

Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the staining abilities of different beverages, the efficacy of two office bleaching agents and the effect of bleaching on the surface topography of maxillary incisors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty crowns of maxillary incisors were obtained and immersed in distilled water for 24 hours. After baseline color measurements were made, the specimens were divided into three groups according to three immersion solutions [Turkish coffee (TC), red wine (RW), and distilled water (DW)]. At the end of the staining period, color measurements were repeated and then the specimens of each group were divided into two subgroups and Perfect Bleach Office+ (PBO+) or Opalescence Boost (OB) were applied. After bleaching, the color measurements were recorded again and the optical parameters of color difference (ΔE00), changes in the translucency parameter (ΔTP00) and whiteness difference (ΔWID) were calculated. For the surface analysis, atomic force microscopy was performed for one specimen from each group. RESULTS: The highest color changes were observed with RW (p1.8 and ΔWID>2.60) and the ΔTP00 values were lower than the acceptability thresholds (0.62

Changes in Optical Characteristics and Surface Topography of CAD/CAM Materials after Bleaching Applications: An AFM Evaluation

Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of in-office and at-home bleaching agents on color changes (ΔE00 ), translucency (TP00 ), whiteness (WID ), surface roughness (Ra ), and surface topography (Rsk and Rku ) of a resin nano-ceramic and a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network CAD/CAM material. Materials and methods: Sixty specimens (6 mm × 7 mm × 1.3 mm) were prepared from Lava Ultimate (LU) and Vita Enamic (VE). The specimens were divided into 6 groups according to the bleaching agents applied (n = 10/group): control, Perfect Bleach Office + (PBO), Opalescence Boost (OB), Perfect Bleach (PB) with 10% and 16% carbamide peroxide and Whiteness Perfect (WP). ΔE00 values were calculated before and after bleaching procedures with a spectrophotometer using the CIEDE2000 formula. ΔTP00 and ΔWID values were calculated for each material. Ra , Rsk , and Rku values of the specimens were evaluated with an Atomic Force Microscope. Two-way ANOVA was used for statistical analyses of the parameters measured after bleaching. For pairwise comparisons, Tukey test was performed. Results: For LU, no statistically significant difference among the ΔE00 values of the groups was observed (p = 1.000). For VE, only WP group presented significantly higher values (2.12 ± 2.66) than the other groups (p < 0.001). Fo...

Clinical performance of clinical-visual examination, digital bitewing radiography, laser fluorescence, and near-infrared light transillumination for detection of non-cavitated proximal enamel and dentin caries

Cengiz Yanardag, Esra | TOPBAŞ KOÇAK, NAZAN

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical performance of clinical-visual examination using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) II, digital bitewing radiography, near-infrared light transillumination (NIR-LT), and laser fluorescence (LF) for the detection of non-cavitated proximal enamel and dentin caries. The study included 335 patients, aged 12-18 years, with no cavities in the posterior teeth. Clinical-visual inspections of 335 non-cavitated proximal caries were performed by two examiners. For enamel caries, clinical validation included a combination of clinical-visual and digital bitewing radiography assessments. For dentin caries, the clinical validation was opening the cavity. The accuracy rate, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and areas under receiver operating characteristic curves were determined. The agreement between the examiners' measurements was calculated using the kappa coefficient. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the methods were compared using the McNemar test. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Digital bitewing radiography had the highest sensitivity (0.96) and accuracy (0.96), and LF had the lowest sensitivity (0.38) and accuracy (0.39). After separation of the lesions into enamel and ...

The Effect of Surface Treatments on the Mechanical and Optical Behaviors of CAD/CAM Restorative Materials

Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on mechanical and optical properties of lithium disilicate ceramic (IPS e.max CAD), 2 resin nanoceramics (Lava Ultimate, GC Cerasmart), and polymer-infiltrated ceramic network material (Vita Enamic). Materials and methods: CAD/CAM blocks were sectioned into 4 × 1 × 14 mm3 bars for three-point bending test and 1 × 8 × 8 mm3 square specimens were obtained for color and translucency measurements. Bar-shaped and square specimens were divided into five groups according to the surface treatment method as: control (no treatment), hydrofluoric acid etching, airborne-particle abrasion, 2 W and 3 W Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation (n = 10). Three-point bending test was carried out on a universal test machine with a 1 mm/min crosshead speed. Color and translucency measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer and repeated after surface treatments. Flexural strength, translucency parameter, and ΔE values were calculated and data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests. ΔE values >1.2 and >2.7 were considered as perceptible and unacceptable, respectively. Results: All surface treatment methods decreased the flexural strength of all tested materials (P < 0.05) except for 2 W laser-irr...

Color difference of composite resins after cementation with different shades of resin luting cement

Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the color difference of nanohybrid and ormocer-based composite resins with different thicknesses when 4 different shades of resin luting cement were used. 56 disc specimens of each composite resin (Aelite aesthetic enamel, Ceram-X mono) with 0.5 and 1 mm thicknesses were fabricated. Baseline color measurements were performed using a clinical spectrophotometer. The specimens of each thicknesses of each resin were randomly divided into 4 groups according to the shades of resin luting cement (white/A1, yellow/universal/A3, transparent and white opaque) (n = 7). Mixed resin cement was applied onto the resin specimens using a Teflon mold in 0.1 mm thickness. Color measurements of cemented composite resin specimens were repeated and color difference (∆E) between baseline and after cementation measurements was calculated. ANOVA and Tukey's test were used for statistical analysis. The opaque shade had significantly increased ∆E values as compared to the other shades (p < 0.05). For all shades except white opaque in both thicknesses, ∆E values of aelite aesthetic enamel were higher as compared to Ceram-X mono. There is no significant difference between 2 thicknesses for both resins in terms of ∆E values. The shade of resin cement and the type...

Micro-shear bond strength of resin cements to Er, Cr: YSGG laser and/or acid etched enamel

Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation and/ or acid etching on the micro-shear bond strength (µSBS) of two different dual-cured resin cements to human enamel. 24 intact, extracted molars were sectioned longitudinally and randomly divided into three subgroups according to three surface pretreatment methods: (1) Er,Cr:YSGG laser (Waterlase MD, Biolase) irradiation was used with a power setting of 2 W (55% water and 65% air), and a repetition rate of 20 Hz for 10s; (2) 37% phosphoric acid application for 20s; (3) Re-etching with phosphoric acid for 20s after the Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation as in group1. 12 enamel discs for each of the resin cements (Panavia F2.0 and Variolink N) were prepared and three cylinders of resin cements were bonded to each enamel surface (n  =  12). A microshear bond test (EZ-test- 500N) was used at a cross-head speed of 1mm min−1 to determine the µSBS. One-way analysis of the variance and Tukey post-hoc tests at the 95% confidence level were used to analyze the µSBS values. Panavia F2.0 verified significantly higher µSBS values than Variolink N (p  

Treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis with Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation: A randomized controlled split mouth clinical study

Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

The present randomized controlled split mouth clinical study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation on pain reduction and healing rate of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. 40 patients with RAS were recruited for this study and RAS ulcerations of each patient were randomly assigned to the control or test group. In the test group, Er,Cr:YSGG laser with non-contact mode was to irradiate RAS lesions. In the placebo group, RAS lesions were irradiated with the same device without laser emission. Pain was evaluated with visual analog scale (VAS) while a clinician graded healing of RAS (HRAS). In the placebo group at immediate; scores of VAS presented no statistically significance; in the test group, laser application showed significant pain reducing, at 1st day control. In the test group, a significantly healing effect at 1st day control was observed and this effect was maintained throughout the study. In the placebo group, scores of HRAS were statistically significant at controls on 3, 7, 10days. Statistically significant difference between the scores of VAS and HRAS was found for all control days except day 10 according to the intergroup comparisons. Based on these findings, Er,Cr:YSGG laser application at 0.25W without water may be appropriate to reduce pain a...

Effect of 2 Bleaching Agents with a Content of High Concentrated Hydrogen Peroxide on Stained 2 CAD/CAM Blocks and a Nanohybrid Composite Resin: An AFM Evaluation

Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

The aim of this study was to evaluate color stability of 3 restorative materials, discoloration ability of different solutions, efficacy of 2 office bleaching agents, and surface roughness and topography. Sixty specimens for Clearfil Majesty Esthetic (CME), Lava Ultimate (LU), and Vita Enamic (VE) were prepared. They were immersed into 3 staining solutions for 2 weeks and then they were bleached. According to the measured L⁎, a⁎, and b⁎ parameters described by CIELAB system, color changes (ΔE00), translucency parameters (TP), whiteness index values (W⁎), and changes in closeness to pure white (ΔW⁎) were calculated. Then 3 specimens from each group were scanned with an atomic force microscope for surface analysis. After staining, CME groups and control groups of LU and VE showed clinically acceptable color changes (ΔE00 < 1,8). After bleaching, while a reverse effect on color was observed, VE showed the furthest color values to pure white. There was no statistically significant difference between whiteness index values of LU and CME. LU was the most translucent material during the study and TP values of materials showed minimal differences. Most of the VE groups and a control group of LU showed surface roughness (Ra ) values higher than critical value for biofilm accumulation (0,2...

Microshear Bond Strength of Tri-Calcium Silicate-based Cements to Different Restorative Materials

Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

Purpose: To evaluate the microshear bond strength of tri-calcium silicate-based materials to different restorative materials. Materials and methods: Thirty-five disks of TheraCal LC and Biodentine were fabricated using teflon molds according to manufacturers' instructions. Then the specimens were randomly divided into 7 groups according to the materials applied: Fuji IX, Fuji II, Equia Fil, Vertise Flow, Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative, Filtek Z250 with Prime&Bond NT and with Clearfil SE Bond. All restorative materials were placed onto the disks using tygon tubes. Following a storage period, the specimens underwent microshear bond strength testing in a universal testing machine, and fracture modes were analyzed. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test. Results: For all restorative materials, TheraCal LC showed significantly higher μSBS values compared to Biodentine. GIC based materials showed the lowest μSBS for TheraCal and Biodentine. For Biodentine, Filtek Z250 applied with Prime&Bond NT and Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative applied with Scotchbond Universal Adhesive exhibited the highest μSBS, while Filtek Z250 applied with Clearfil SE Bond revealed the highest bond strength to TheraCal LC. Conclusion: For all restorativ...

Derin dentin çürüklerinin tedavisinde alternatif yeni yöntemler

Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

Günümüzde modern diş hekimliği kapsamında, diş dokularının maksimum oranda korunması ve fonksiyon görmesi için minimal invaziv yöntemler uygulanmaktadır. G.V. Black tarafından tanımlanmış olan geleneksel görüşe bağlı kalınarak uygulanan derin dentin çürüğü tedavilerinde tüm çürük dokunun uzaklaştırılması, pulpanın perforasyonuna dolayısıyla endodontik girişimlere ve bazı durumlarda çekime neden olabilmektedir. Dişin ağızda kalma süresi, fonksiyonu ve prognozu açısından önemli bir etken olan pulpanın vitalitesinin daha uzun süre korunabilmesi amacıyla adeziv sistemler ve restoratif materyallerdeki yeni gelişmelerle günümüzde pek çok yeni tedavi yaklaşımı ve materyal geliştirilmiştir. Bu derlemede derin dentin çürüğü varlığında çürüğün uzaklaştırılmasındaki selektif yaklaşımlar, kavitenin dezenfeksiyonu, kuafaj uygulamaları ve derin dentin çürüğünün tedavisindeki güncel yaklaşımlar tartışılmıştır.

Efficacy of Erbium, Chromium-doped:Yttrium, Scandium, Gallium, and Garnet Laser Irradiation Combined with Resin-based Tricalcium Silicate and Calcium Hydroxide on Direct Pulp Capping: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

Introduction: The purpose of this randomized clinical study was to evaluate the efficiency of erbium, chromium-doped:yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser irradiation combined with a resin-based tricalcium silicate material and calcium hydroxide in direct pulp capping for a 6-month follow-up period. Methods: A total of 60 teeth of 60 patients between the ages of 18 and 41 years were recruited for this study. Sixty permanent vital teeth without symptoms and radiographic changes were randomly assigned to the following 4 groups (n = 15): Gr CH, the exposed area was sealed with calcium hydroxide (CH) paste; Gr laser CH, the treated area was sealed with CH paste after Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation at an energy level of 0.5 W without water and with 45% air; Gr TheraCal, TheraCal LC (Bisco, Schaumburg, IL) was applied directly to the exposed pulp; and Gr Laser TheraCal, TheraCal LC was applied after irradiation with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser. At the 1-week and 1-, 3-, and 6-month recall examinations, the loss of vitality, spontaneous pain, reactions to thermal stimuli and percussion, and radiographic changes were considered as failure. Results: The success rates in the CH and TheraCal groups were 73.3% and 66.6%, respectively. These rates did not reveal any significan...

The effect of home bleaching agents on the surface roughness of five different composite resins: A SEM evaluation

Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrogen peroxide (HP) and carbamide peroxide (CP) on the surface roughness of five different composite resins using profilometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Thirty-six specimens (1 mm thick, 10 mm in diameter) of five composite resins were fabricated. Each composite group was equally divided into three subgroups as control, CP and HP. In control group, specimens were stored in daily refreshed distilled water during the 14-day testing period. In other groups, 10% HP (Opalescence Treswhite) and 10% CP (Opalescence PF) were applied and surface roughness values (Ra) of each specimen were measured with a profilometer at the end of 14 days. Additionally, SEM analysis was performed to evaluate the surface deformations of composite resins. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Ra values of composite groups exposed to bleaching agents were statistically higher than control group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between Ra values after HP and CP application within each composite group while SEM micrographs showed higher surface alterations at HP group compared to CP. Among the composite resins tested, Ceram-X Mono revealed the lowest Ra values after CP and HP applications as seen a...

Restoratif Diş Hekimliğinde Nanoteknoloji

Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

ün geçtikçe gelişen teknoloji, doğada meydana gelen olayların moleküler düzeyde incelenmesi için bilim dünyasına olanaklar sunmaktadır. Yirmi birinci yüzyıla girilmesiyle birlikte stratejik önemi bir o kadar daha artmış olan nanoteknoloji; materyallerin atomik veya moleküler düzeyde manipüle edilmesiyle mikroskopik aletler üretme sanatıdır. Nanoölçek düzeyde müdahaleyi mümkün kılan bu teknoloji; sağlıkta araştırma, koruma ve iyileştirme alanlarında insanlığın yeni bir atılım yapmasına katkı sunmaktadır. Bilim ve teknolojideki bu gelişmeler diş hekimliğiyle ilişkili doku mühendisliğinde, implantolojide, protetik diş tedavisinde ve restoratif diş tedavisinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Özellikle rezin bazlı kompozit teknolojisi restoratif diş hekimliğinde süren araştırmalar ve uygulanacak tedavilerde çığır açan bir gelişme olmuştur. Nanoteknoloji alanındaki gelişmeler sürdükçe restoratif diş hekimliği alanında da yeni ufuklar açılmaya devam edecektir.

Farklı Kompozit rezinlerin translusensi özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması

Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

. 2015; 36(3): 128-131 | DOI: 10.5505/eudfd.2015.96720 Farklı Kompozit Rezinlerin Translusensi Özelliklerinin Karşılaştırılması Esra Cengiz1, Sevcan Kurtulmuş Yılmaz2, Nuran Ulusoy1 1Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi, Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Restoratif Diş Tedavisi Anabilim Dalı, Lefkoşa, KKTC 2Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi, Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Protetik Diş Tedavisi Anabilim Dalı, Lefkoşa, KKTC GİRİŞ ve AMAÇ: Çalışmamızın amacı, 5 farklı kompozit rezinin farklı renklerinin translusensi özelliklerini karşılaştırmaktır. YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Her kompozit rezinin (Grandio, Gradia Direct, Clearfil Majesty Esthetic, Ceram-X Mono, Filtek Z250) her rengi (A1,A2,A3) için 7 adet disk şeklinde örnek hazırlandı. Renk ölçüm işlemleri, D65 ampül ile aydınlatılmış bir renk ölçüm kutusu içinde spektrofotometre (Easyshade Compact, VITA) ile yapıldı. Örnekler beyaz ve siyah zemin üzerine yerleştirildi, örneğin tam ortasından 3 kez ölçüm yapıldı ve ortalama CIE L*, a*, b* değerleri kaydedildi. Örneklerin translusensi dereceleri translusensi parametresi (TP) ile değerlendirildi. Elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel analizi Tek Yönlü ANOVA ve Tukey çoklu karşılaştırma testleri ile yapıldı. BULGULAR: A1 renk gruplarında; Grandio ve Gradia’nın TP değerleri; Clearfil Majesty Esthetic, Ceram-X Mono ve Filt...

The effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser application on the micropush-out bond strength of fiber posts to resin core material.

Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of erbium, chromium: yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser application to different surface treatments on the micropush-out bond strengths between glass and quartz fiber posts and composite resin core material. Background data: Different types of lasers have been used as an alternative to airborne particle abrasion and other surface treatment methods to enhance the bond strength of dental materials. However, there is no study regarding the use of Er,Cr:YSGG laser as a surface treatment method for fiber posts in order to improve the bond strength. Materials and methods: Ninety-six quartz and 96 glass fiber posts with a coronal diameter of 1.8 mm were randomly divided into eight groups according the surface treatments applied. Gr 1 (control, no surface treatment), Gr 2 (sandblasting with 50 μm Al2O3), Gr 3 (9 % hydrofluoric acid for 1 min), Gr 4 (24% H2O2 for 1 min), Gr 5 (CH2Cl2 for 1 min), Gr 6 (1 W), Gr 7 (1.5 W), and Gr 8 (2 W) Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation. The resin core material was applied to each group, and then 1 mm thick discs (n=12) were obtained for the micropush-out test. Data were statistically analyzed. Results: For the quartz fiber post group, all surface treatments showed signi...

Farklı uygulama basamaklarında oluşan tükürük kontaminasyonunun 3 adeziv sistemin dentine bağlanma dayanımlarına etkisinin incelenmesi

Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, 3 farklı adeziv sistemin farklı uygulama basamaklarında oluşan tükürük kontaminasyonunun, adeziv sistemlerin dentine bağlanma dayanımları üzerine etkisini incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Yirmi dört molar dişin kullanıldığı çalışmamızda, mikro kesit alma cihazıyla her bir dişten 2 adet olmak üzere toplam 48 adet 1 mm’lik horizontal dentin kesidi elde edilmiş ve bu kesitler, test edilen adeziv sistemin tipine göre (Prime Bond NT, Clearfil SE Bond, Clearfil S3 Bond) rastgele 3 gruba ayrılmıştır. Daha sonra her adeziv sistem için biri kontrol grubu olmak üzere tükürük kontaminasyonunun olduğu aşamaya göre (adeziv öncesi, adeziv sonrası ve polimerizasyon sonrası) 4 alt grup oluşturulmuştur. Her dentin diski üzerine 3 adet 0.7 mm çapında ve 1 mm yüksekliğinde kompozit rezin silindir yerleştirilmiştir (n=12) ve mikro makaslama test yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Veriler tek yön ANOVA ve Tukey çoklu karşılaştırma testi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: İki basamaklı self-etch adezivin polimerizasyon sonrası grubu hariç diğer bütün grupların bağlanma dayanım değerlerinde kontrol grubuna göre düşüş saptanmıştır (p

The effect of home-bleaching application on the color and translucency of five resin composites

Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of home bleaching agents on the color and translucency of resin composites. Methods: Thirty disc shaped specimens (1mm thick) were fabricated from each resin composite (Reflexions, Grandio, Gradia Direct, Clearfil Majesty Esthetic, Ceram-X Mono) and divided into 3 subgroups as carbamide peroxide (CP, Opalescence 10% PF), hydrogen peroxide (HP, 10% Opalescence Treswhite Supreme) and control group (n=10). Baseline CIE L*a*b* color coordinates were measured with spectrophotometer and translucency parameters (TP) were calculated. CP and HP groups were treated with bleaching agents according to manufacturers' instructions and control group was stored in distilled water (DW) for 14 days. Color and translucency measurements were repeated and color differences were calculated, ΔE values>3.3 were considered as clinically unacceptable. Results: Clinically unacceptable color change was detected for all resin composites exposed to bleaching agents and there was significant color difference between the control group and bleached specimens (P

Dentin hassasiyeti ve tedavi yöntemleri

Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

karşımıza çıkan dentin hassasiyeti (DH) herhangi bir dental defekt veya patoloji ile açıklanamayan, kimyasal, termal, temas, ozmotik veya buharlaştırıcı uyarana karşı ortama açılmış dentin yüzeylerinden yayılan, kısa süreli keskin bir ağrı olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Sert doku kaybı veya dişeti çekilmesiyle dentin yüzeyinin açığa ve dentin kanallarının oral kaviteye doğru açılmasıyla DH oluşabilir. Evde veya klinikte uygulanacak tedavinin belirlenmesinden önce tedavi planı etiyolojik faktörler ve hastanın oral hijyen alışkanlıkları da dikkate alınmalıdır. Tedavi ekspoze dentin kanallarını kapatarak tübüllerdeki sıvı akışını azaltmaya ve pulpadaki sinir iletimini bloke eden desensitivite edici birçok kimyasal ya da lazerlerin de dahil olduğu fiziksel ajanların kullanımına dayalıdır. Bu derleme dentin hassasiyetinin tanımı, epidemiyolojisi, mekanizması, etyolojisi, teşhis ve tedavi protokolleri tanımlamaktadır.

Skleroderma’lı Hastaya Multidisipliner Yaklaşım ve 2 Yıllık Takip: Olgu Raporu

Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

Skleroderma, konnektif dokunun anormal sentezi sonucunda ortaya çıkan fibrotik değişiklikler ve vasküler deformiteler ile karakterize, sebebi bilinmeyen, organ ve sistemleri tutmaya eğilimli sistemik ve kronik bir bağ dokusu hastalığıdır. Sıklıkla oral ve perioral dokuları etkileyen sklerodermanın rijit bir dil, kısıtlanmış ağız açıklığı ve kserostomi gibi karakteristik özellikleri vardır. Bu vaka raporu sınırlı bir ağız açıklığı olan sistemik sklerozis hastasına interdisipliner bir tedavi yaklaşımını sunmaktadır. Hastanın molar dişine kanal tedavisi yapılmış ve diş eksiklikleri sabit bölümlü protezlerle rehabilite edilmiştir. 2 yıllık takip sonucunda tedavilerin başarılı olduğu gözlenmiştir.

Effectiveness of Er,Cr:YSGG laser on dentine hypersensitivity: a controlled clinical trial

Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

Aim: Attempts have been made to treat dentine hypersensitivity (DH) with lasers. However, there is limited knowledge on the effects of erbium, chromium-doped:yttrium, scandium, gallium and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser on DH. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Er,Cr:YSGG laser on reduction in DH. Methods: Forty-two patients (146 teeth) were included. Teeth were assigned to an experimental group and irradiated with the Er,Cr:YSGG laser. In the control group same clinical instrument was used without laser emission. DH was assessed for both groups utilizing the visual analog scale. Plaque index (PI) scores were recorded immediately following treatment, at 1 week, 1 and 3 months. Results: The results showed that Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation had a significantly higher desensitizing effect compared with the placebo immediately after treatment (p0.05). For the test group, the differences between baseline and all time points following treatment were statistically significant (p0.05). Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, it appears that Er,Cr:YSGG laser is effective in the treatment of DH compared with the placebo treatment.

Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyetindeki yetişkin populasyonda dişlerde görülen gelişimsel şekil ve boyut anomalilerinin yaygınlığı

Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

Background: The aim of the present study was to determine radiographically the prevalence of developmental abnormalities of size and form of teeth in patients attending the Dental Faculty of Near East University of Cyprus and to evaluate the relationship between gender differences and these anomalies. There are no previously reported dental records and epidemiologic data available for this population. Methods: A retrospective study based on the panoramic radiographs of 4672 patients aged 16 to 82 attended from January 2007 to February 2010 was performed in this population. Radiographs were studied in detail for the presence of possible dental anomalies with 9 examiners. International classification for diseases (ICD) codes was used for the selection and coding of dental anomalies. Differences in incidence rates of each dental anomaly by gender and age were analyzed by using the Pearson chi-square test (P≤0.05). Results: The more common anomalies were microdontia (% 18,7), taurodontism (% 17,1), and dens invaginatus (% 12,5). Macrodontia, were detected in a few radiographs (% 3,5). When the dental developmental anomalies where examined according to gender with the Pearson Chi-square test (p≤0.05); it was found that there was no statistically significant differe...

Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyetindeki Yetişkin Popülasyonda Diş Gelişim ve Sürme Bozukluklarının Kentsel Kesimdeki Yaygınlığı

Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

KKTC, Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi, Diş hekimliği Fakültesi’ne başvuran hastalar arasında gelişimsel diş gelişim ve sürme bozukluklarının yaygınlığını radyografik olarak incelemektir. Bu popülasyon için bu konuda daha önce kaydedilmiş diş hekimliğine dair herhangi bir kayıt veya epidemiyolojik veri bulunmamaktadır. Gereç ve yöntem: Ocak 2007-Şubat 2010 tarihleri arasında yaşları 16-82 arasında değişen 4672 hastanın panoramik radyografileri retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Hastalardan kendilerine ait panoramik radyografilerin bilimsel çalışmalarda kullanılabileceğine dair bilgilendirilmiş onam formları alınmıştır. Radyografiler olası dental anomalilerin saptanabilmesi için 8 araştırmacı tarafından detaylı olarak taranmıştır. Dental anomalilerin seçimi ve kodlanmasında uluslararası hastalık sınıflandırması (ICD) kodları kullanılmıştır. Her bir dental anomalinin cinsiyet ve yaş açısından görünüm oranları Pearson ki-kare testi ile değerlendirilmiştir (P≤0.05). Bulgular: Hipodonti (% 14,5) en yaygın gözlenen anomalidir. 4.molar % 2,2 ve mesiodens % 1 oranında olmak üzere daha az sayıda radyografide tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar: Her ne kadar dental anomalilerin yaygınlığının daha geniş kapsamlı değerlendirilmesi için popülasyonun daha büyük bir kısmının ileri çalışmalar ile taranması ge...

Clinical evaluation of Er,Cr:YSGG and GaAlAs laser therapy for treating dentine hypersensitivity: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

Objective: The advent of dental lasers has raised another possible treatment option for dentine hypersensitivity (DH) and has become a research interest in the last decades. The aim of this randomized, controlled, double-blind, split mouth, clinical study was to evaluate and compare the desensitizing effects of erbium, chromium-doped:yttrium, scandium, gallium and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) to galium-aluminium-arsenide (GaAlAs) laser on DH. Methods: Fifty-one patients participated in this study for a total of 174 teeth. DH was assessed for all groups with a visual analog scale. For each patient, the teeth were randomized to three groups. In the diode laser group, sensitive teeth were irradiated with the GaAlAs laser at 8.5J/cm(2) energy density. In the Er,Cr:YSGG laser group, sensitive teeth were irradiated with Er,Cr:YSGG laser in the hard tissue mode using a none-contact probe at an energy level of 0.25W and repetition rate of 20Hz, 0% water and 10% air. In the control group no treatment was performed. Treatment time was 60s for GaAlAs laser and 30s for Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Results: When compared with the control group and baseline data, in both laser groups, laser irradiation provided a desensitizing effect immediately after treatment and this effect was maintained throughout the study ...

Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyetinde diş hekimliği fakültesine başvuran yetişkin popülasyonda diş gelişim bozukluklarına sahip bireylerin oranı

Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

Bu çalışmanın amacı, KKTC Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi’ne başvuran hastalar arasında diş gelişim bozukluklarının yaygınlığını radyografik olarak incelemektir. Bu popülasyon için bu konuda daha önce kaydedilmiş diş hekimliğine dair herhangi bir kayıt veya epidemiyolojik veri bulunmamaktadır. Ocak 2007 ile Şubat 2010 tarihleri arasında yaşları 16-82 arasında değişen 4672 hastanın panoramik radyograflarının incelenmesi üzerine kurulu retrospektif bir çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Diş gelişim bozukluklarının seçimi ve kodlanmasında uluslararası hastalık sınıflandırması (ICD) kodları kullanılmıştır. Her bir dental anomalinin cinsiyet, yaş, alfa-talasemi açısından görünüm oranları Pearson kikare testi ile değerlendirilmiştir (p≤ 0.05). Bu çalışmada dental anomalilerin diş gelişim bozuklukları kategorisi açısından dilaserasyon (% 26) en yaygın gözlenen anomali olmuştur. Hipersementoz daha az sayıda radyografta tespit edilmiştir. Her ne kadar diş gelişim bozukluklarının yaygınlığının daha geniş kapsamlı de-ğerlendirilmesi için popülasyonun daha büyük bir kısmının ileri çalışmalar ile taranması gerekli olsa da, bu öncü çalışmada daha önce çalışılmamış olan bu etnik popülasyonu, diğer popülasyonları inceleyen önceki çalışmalarda elde edilen verilerden ayıran ve bu popüla...

Long-term effect of diode laser irradiation compared to sodium fluoride varnish in the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity in periodontal maintenance patients: a randomized controlled clinical study

Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

Objective: The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate and compare the desensitizing effects of a gallium?aluminum?arsenide (GaAlAs) laser and sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish on dentine hypersensitivity (DH) in periodontal maintenance patients. Background data: The use of lasers opens a new dimension in the treatment of DH. Methods: Forty-eight patients with 244 teeth affected by DH were included in the trial. To be included in the study, the subjects had to have 4 or more hypersensitive teeth at different quadrants. Selected teeth were randomly assigned to a GaAlAs laser group, placebo laser group, NaF varnish group, or a placebo NaF varnish group. Laser therapy was performed at 8.5?J/cm(2) energy density. In the placebo laser group, the same laser without laser emission was used. In the NaF varnish group, the varnish was painted at the cervical region of the teeth. In the placebo NaF varnish group, the same treatment procedures were performed with a saline solution. DH was assessed with a visual analog scale (VAS); immediately, at 1 week, and at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatments. Intra-group time-dependent data were analyzed by Friedman's test, and Wilcoxon's rank sum test was used to evaluate the differences within groups. Results: GaAlAs laser and NaF varnish tre...

Use of mineral trioxide aggregate in the treatment of invasive cervical resorption: a case report

Cengiz Yanardag, Esra

Introduction: Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is a successful treatment procedure of periodontal reconstructive surgery. Adverse effects can be observed after GTR procedure, but external root resorption is rarely reported at clinical studies. Invasive cervical resorption is a clinical term used to describe a relatively uncommon, insidious, and often aggressive form of external root resorption. Methods: The present case demonstrates an invasive cervical resorption that is a potential late complication of GTR in a maxillary canine of a 59-year-old male patient. After the surgical intervention and root canal treatment, the resorption was subsequently sealed with mineral trioxide aggregate. Results: The 1-year follow-up demonstrates no pathologic changes on clinical and radiographic examination. Conclusions: This case report presents a treatment strategy that might improve the healing outcomes for patients with invasive cervical resorption.